问题描述
错误消息：
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
ERROR: Error installing rails:
ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
/usr/bin/ruby2.1 -r ./siteconf20150328-1540-hff2f0.rb extconf.rb
checking if the C compiler accepts ... *** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers. Check the mkmf.log file for more details. You may
need configuration options.
Provided configuration options:
--with-opt-dir
--without-opt-dir
--with-opt-include
--without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include
--with-opt-lib
--without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib
--with-make-prog
--without-make-prog
--srcdir=.
--curdir
--ruby=/usr/bin/ruby2.1
--help
--clean
/usr/lib/ruby/2.1.0/mkmf.rb:456:in `try_do': The compiler failed to generate an executable file. (RuntimeError)
You have to install development tools first.
from /usr/lib/ruby/2.1.0/mkmf.rb:571:in `block in try_compile'
from /usr/lib/ruby/2.1.0/mkmf.rb:522:in `with_werror'
from /usr/lib/ruby/2.1.0/mkmf.rb:571:in `try_compile'
from extconf.rb:80:in `nokogiri_try_compile'
from extconf.rb:87:in `block in add_cflags'
from /usr/lib/ruby/2.1.0/mkmf.rb:621:in `with_cflags'
from extconf.rb:86:in `add_cflags'
from extconf.rb:337:in `<main>'
extconf failed, exit code 1
Gem files will remain installed in /var/lib/gems/2.1.0/gems/nokogiri-1.6.6.2 for inspection.
Results logged to /var/lib/gems/2.1.0/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.1.0/nokogiri-1.6.6.2/gem_make.out
配置：
-
Ubuntu 14.10(GNU /Linux 3.16.0-23-通用x86_64)
-
gcc(Ubuntu 4.9.1-16ubuntu6)4.9.1
-
ruby 2.1.2p95(2014-05-08)[x86_64-linux-gnu]
最佳解决方法
在使用RVM升级到Ubuntu 14.04上的Rails 4.2.4后，我需要这样做：
sudo apt-get install libgmp-dev
要么
sudo apt-get install libgmp3-dev
完整的堆栈跟踪：http://ruby-on-rails-eq8.blogspot.co.uk/2015/10/solving-ubuntu-1404-ruby-c-dependancy.html
次佳解决方法
您似乎缺少一些Ruby要求。如果您使用的是RVM，请尝试：
rvm requirements
获取依赖项列表并手动安装它们。
否则，直接使用以下方法安装已知的基本要求
sudo apt-get install build-essential bison openssl libreadline6 libreadline6-dev curl git-core zlib1g zlib1g-dev libssl-dev libyaml-dev libxml2-dev autoconf libc6-dev ncurses-dev automake libtool
第三种解决方法
您收到此错误是因为缺少Ruby的开发依赖项。
我建议您安装并使用RVM来解决这个问题，请查看官方和更新的说明https://rvm.io/rvm/install
在我回答这个问题时，我遵循了以下步骤：
gpg --keyserver hkp://keys.gnupg.net --recv-keys
409B6B1796C275462A1703113804BB82D39DC0E3
\curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash
如果你收到这个警告
* WARNING: You have '~/.profile' file, you might want to load it,
to do that add the following line to '/home/mao/.bash_profile':
source ~/.profile
执行此命令：
echo source ~/.profile >> ~/.bash_profile
然后，通过执行以下命令重新加载/应用刚刚更新的bash_profile：
source ~/.bash_profile
最后运行它来安装要求：
rvm requirements
这适用于任何Linux发行版，如Ubuntu，Fedora，Debian，Redhat，Slackware。