无法安装gem – 无法构建gem native扩展 – 无法加载此类文件 – mkmf(LoadError)

问题描述

Ruby 1.9.3

Gemfile的一部分

#...............
gem "pony"
gem "bcrypt-ruby", :require => "bcrypt"
gem "nokogiri" 
#..................

当我尝试安装 gems 时，我收到一个错误

alex@ubuntu:~/$ bundle
Fetching gem metadata from http://rubygems.org/.........
Fetching gem metadata from http://rubygems.org/..
Enter your password to install the bundled RubyGems to your system: 
#####............................................................
Installing bcrypt-ruby (3.0.1) with native extensions 
Gem::Installer::ExtensionBuildError: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

        /usr/bin/ruby1.9.1 extconf.rb 
/usr/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:36:in `require': cannot load such file -- mkmf (LoadError)
        from /usr/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:36:in `require'
        from extconf.rb:36:in `<main>'


Gem files will remain installed in /home/alex/.bundler/tmp/5526/gems/bcrypt-ruby-3.0.1 for inspection.
Results logged to /home/alex/.bundler/tmp/5526/gems/bcrypt-ruby-3.0.1/ext/mri/gem_make.out
An error occurred while installing bcrypt-ruby (3.0.1), and Bundler cannot continue.
Make sure that `gem install bcrypt-ruby -v '3.0.1'` succeeds before bundling.

然后我就这样做了

sudo gem install bcrypt-ruby -v '3.0.1'
Building native extensions.  This could take a while...
ERROR:  Error installing bcrypt-ruby:
        ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

        /usr/bin/ruby1.9.1 extconf.rb
/usr/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:36:in `require': cannot load such file -- mkmf (LoadError)
        from /usr/lib/ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:36:in `require'
        from extconf.rb:36:in `<main>'


Gem files will remain installed in /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/bcrypt-ruby-3.0.1 for inspection.
Results logged to /var/lib/gems/1.9.1/gems/bcrypt-ruby-3.0.1/ext/mri/gem_make.out

并得到一个错误。

我错过了什么？

最佳解决方法

有类似的问题：

• `require’: no such file to load — mkmf (LoadError)

• Failed to build gem native extension (mkmf (LoadError)) – Ubuntu 12.04

通常，解决方案是：

sudo apt-get install ruby-dev

或者，如果这不起作用，取决于您的ruby版本，运行如下：

sudo apt-get install ruby1.9.1-dev

应该解决你的问题。

还是行不通？安装ruby-dev后请尝试以下操作：

sudo apt-get install make

次佳解决方法

我在尝试安装jquery-rails时遇到了同样的问题。修复是

sudo apt-get install zlibc zlib1g zlib1g-dev

第三种解决方法

我发现我需要安装另一个版本的ruby。所以运行命令

$ sudo apt-get install ruby1.9.1-dev

然后尝试安装扩展

如果遇到问题，告诉您没有g ++，可以运行以下命令进行安装

$ sudo apt-get install g++

第四种方法

1. 确保已安装ruby-dev

2. 确保已安装make

3. 如果仍然出现错误，请查找建议的包。如果您尝试安装类似gem install pg的东西，您还需要安装lib libpq-dev(sudo apt-get install libpq-dev)。

第五种方法

如果将来有人遇到这个问题，我正在使用Mac，只需使用’xcode-select –install’安装命令行工具

参考资料

• Unable to install gem – Failed to build gem native extension – cannot load such file — mkmf (LoadError)