apt - 如何解决 dpkg 依赖？

问题描述

administrator@zlounes:~$ sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 linux-server : Depends: linux-headers-server (= 3.2.0.37.44) but 3.2.0.37.45 is installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try using -f.
administrator@zlounes:~$ sudo apt-get -f install
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
  linux-image-server linux-server
The following packages will be upgraded:
  linux-image-server linux-server
2 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 9 not upgraded.
4 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 0 B/4,458 B of archives.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/bin/apt-listchanges", line 237, in <module>
    main()
  File "/usr/bin/apt-listchanges", line 48, in main
    debs = apt_listchanges.read_apt_pipeline(config)
  File "/usr/share/apt-listchanges/apt_listchanges.py", line 83, in read_apt_pipeline
    return map(lambda pkg: filenames[pkg], order)
  File "/usr/share/apt-listchanges/apt_listchanges.py", line 83, in <lambda>
    return map(lambda pkg: filenames[pkg], order)
KeyError: 'linux-image-server'
Setting up initramfs-tools (0.99ubuntu13.1) ...
update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated)
Setting up linux-image-3.2.0-37-generic (3.2.0-37.58) ...
Running depmod.
update-initramfs: deferring update (hook will be called later)
The link /initrd.img is a dangling linkto /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-37-generic
Examining /etc/kernel/postinst.d.
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools 3.2.0-37-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-37-generic
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-37-generic

gzip: stdout: No space left on device
E: mkinitramfs failure cpio 141 gzip 1
update-initramfs: failed for /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-37-generic with 1.
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools exited with return code 1
Failed to process /etc/kernel/postinst.d at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.2.0-37-generic.postinst line 1010.
dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-37-generic (--configure):
 subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 2
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-image-server:
 linux-image-server depends on linux-image-3.2.0-37-generic; however:
  Package linux-image-3.2.0-37-generic is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing linux-image-server (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-server:
 linux-server depends on linux-image-server (= 3.2.0.37.44); however:
  Package linux-image-server is not configured yet.
 linux-server depends on linux-headers-server (= 3.2.0.37.44); however:
  Version of linux-headers-server on system is 3.2.0.37.45.
dpkg: error processing linux-server (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Processing triggers for initramfs-tools ...
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-36-generic
No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
                                                                                                          No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.

gzip: stdout: No space left on device
E: mkinitramfs failure cpio 141 gzip 1
update-initramfs: failed for /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-36-generic with 1.
dpkg: error processing initramfs-tools (--configure):
 subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
                                                              Errors were encountered while processing:
 linux-image-3.2.0-37-generic
 linux-image-server
 linux-server
 initramfs-tools
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

我已经尝试了很多，但无法正常工作。我想我中断了安装，它只是把它搞砸了。我用谷歌搜索并尝试了各种修复。

编辑(清理我的 /boot 文件夹后)：

administrator@zlounes:/boot$ sudo apt-get -f install
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
  linux-server
The following packages will be upgraded:
  linux-server
1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 9 not upgraded.
1 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 0 B/1,734 B of archives.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/bin/apt-listchanges", line 237, in <module>
    main()
  File "/usr/bin/apt-listchanges", line 48, in main
    debs = apt_listchanges.read_apt_pipeline(config)
  File "/usr/share/apt-listchanges/apt_listchanges.py", line 83, in read_apt_pipeline
    return map(lambda pkg: filenames[pkg], order)
  File "/usr/share/apt-listchanges/apt_listchanges.py", line 83, in <lambda>
    return map(lambda pkg: filenames[pkg], order)
KeyError: 'linux-server'
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-server:
 linux-server depends on linux-image-server (= 3.2.0.37.44); however:
  Version of linux-image-server on system is 3.2.0.37.45.
 linux-server depends on linux-headers-server (= 3.2.0.37.44); however:
  Version of linux-headers-server on system is 3.2.0.37.45.
dpkg: error processing linux-server (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
                                                                                                          E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
administrator@zlounes:/boot$

最佳思路

确保您的系统处于良好状态并且没有中止安装问题的一个很好的尝试是调用

  dpkg --configure -a

确保包列表已更新并且没有问题显示在：

 apt-get update

您可以选择在更新前删除所有旧数据：

 find /var/lib/apt/lists -type f  |xargs rm -f >/dev/null \

解决问题的下一步是暂时删除 linux-server 包。可以这样做，因为它没有真正的内容，只引入了一个依赖项：

This package will always depend on the latest complete Linux kernel available for Server Equipment.

 dpkg --remove linux-server

在此步骤之后，检查是否安装了所有当前依赖项：

apt-get install -f

如果一切正常您现在可以再次安装 linux-server：

apt-get install linux-server

Postscriptum

linux-server 在 12.04 中已弃用。对于服务器设备，也使用通用内核。见 apt-cache show linux-image-server

Package: linux-image-server…

Section: metapackages

….

Depends: linux-image-3.2.0-23-generic, linux-firmware

次佳思路

我经常不得不清理我的机器的 /boot 并且通常太满会破坏更新 – 不确定最终的解决方案是什么，但我使用的过程似乎有效：

从 sudo su 开始

然后转到 /boot 并执行 ls -lSrh – 底部的最大 – rm 足够旧的以清理足够的空间。

然后尝试以下操作(部分摘自上文)：

sudo apt-get remove linux-server
dpkg --configure -a
apt-get update
apt-get install -f
apt-get autoremove
dpkg --get-selections|grep 'linux-image*'|awk '{print $1}'|egrep -v "linux-image-$(uname -r)|linux-image-generic" |while read n;done
apt-get install linux-image-server linux-server
reboot

如果有任何失败，请在此处发表评论，我会看看可能是什么问题。

在使用 pitti PPA 时，我已经看到这种事情对 postgresql-9.1 包问题有效。

有一次，当我运行该程序时，我遇到了 grub 的问题。做一个 apt-get install --reinstall grub 修复它。

感谢您的一份班轮转至：http://ubuntuforums.org/showpost.php?p=12180959&postcount=7

祝你好运！

参考资料

How can I Resolve dpkg dependency?