问题描述
我是 ubuntu 新手,试图找出列出所有已安装软件包及其详细信息(如 Ubuntu 上的版本、发行版、安装时间、类别)的方法。发现以下命令将帮助我获取其中一些信息:
1)dpkg -l
2)dpkg-query -W -f='${PackageSpec}\\t${version}\\t${Description}\\n'
与 Redhat 不同的是,其中缺少安装时间和类别信息。谁能知道检索这些详细信息的方法吗?
提前致谢。
最佳思路
简洁优雅:
sudo dpkg -l | more
或者
sudo dpkg -l | less
如果你想获取某些特定包的描述,请说 firefox
:
sudo dpkg -l | grep firefox
这是我的输出:
$ sudo dpkg -l | more
Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name Version Description
+++-===========================================-=======================================-==============================================================
================
ii accountsservice 0.6.15-2ubuntu9.4 query and manipulate user account information
ii acl 2.2.51-5ubuntu1 Access control list utilities
ii acpi-support 0.140 scripts for handling many ACPI events
ii acpid 1:2.0.10-1ubuntu3 Advanced Configuration and Power Interface event daemon
ii activity-log-manager-common 0.9.4-0ubuntu3.2 blacklist configuration for Zeitgeist (assets)
ii activity-log-manager-control-center 0.9.4-0ubuntu3.2 blacklist configuration for Zeitgeist (control center integrat
ion)
ii adduser 3.113ubuntu2 add and remove users and groups
ii adium-theme-ubuntu 0.3.2-0ubuntu1 Adium message style for Ubuntu
ii aisleriot 1:3.2.3.2-0ubuntu1 Solitaire card games
ii akonadi-backend-mysql 1.7.2-0ubuntu1 MySQL storage backend for Akonadi
ii akonadi-server 1.7.2-0ubuntu1 Akonadi PIM storage service
ii alacarte 0.13.2-2ubuntu4 easy GNOME menu editing tool
ii alsa-base 1.0.25+dfsg-0ubuntu1 ALSA driver configuration files
ii alsa-utils 1.0.25-1ubuntu5 Utilities for configuring and using ALSA
ii anacron 2.3-14ubuntu1 cron-like program that doesn't go by time
ii apg 2.2.3.dfsg.1-2 Automated Password Generator - Standalone version
ii app-install-data 0.12.04.4 Ubuntu applications (data files)
ii app-install-data-partner 12.12.04.1 Application Installer (data files for partner applications/rep
ositories)
ii apparmor 2.7.102-0ubuntu3.7 User-space parser utility for AppArmor
ii appmenu-gtk 0.3.92-0ubuntu1.1 Export GTK menus over DBus
ii appmenu-gtk3 0.3.92-0ubuntu1.1 Export GTK menus over DBus
ii appmenu-qt 0.2.6-0ubuntu1 appmenu support for Qt
ii apport 2.0.1-0ubuntu17.1 automatically generate crash reports for debugging
ii apport-gtk 2.0.1-0ubuntu17.1 GTK+ frontend for the apport crash report system
ii apport-symptoms 0.16.1 symptom scripts for apport
ii apt 0.8.16~exp12ubuntu10.7 commandline package manager
ii apt-transport-https 0.8.16~exp12ubuntu10.7 https download transport for APT
ii apt-utils 0.8.16~exp12ubuntu10.7 package managment related utility programs
--More--
获取正在安装的软件包的日期和时间
cat /var/log/dpkg.log | grep " install "
获取特定套餐:
$cat /var/log/dpkg.log | grep " install " | grep banshee
2013-12-12 12:51:48 install banshee <none> 2.4.1-3ubuntu1~precise2
2013-12-12 12:51:51 install banshee-extensions-common <none> 2.4.0-1ubuntu1
2013-12-12 12:51:51 install banshee-extension-radiostationfetcher <none> 2.4.0- 1ubuntu1
2013-12-12 12:51:51 install banshee-extension-soundmenu <none> 2.4.1-3ubuntu1~precise2
获取该部分
$apt-cache show firefox | grep Section
Section: web
See Also: ListInstalledPackagesByDate
次佳思路
apt-cache showpkg <package>
将为您提供有关可用软件包版本、正向和反向依赖关系等的详细信息。
apt-cache show <package>
将提供描述、类别(Section)等。
我不知道有什么方法可以查看软件包的安装时间。
第三种思路
使用apt
列出已安装软件包的另一种方法是:
apt list --installed
所有软件包安装手册都可以通过以下方式打印
apt list --manual-installed
而所有版本均按以下方式列出:
apt list --all-versions
这些是非常有用的命令。例如,如果您想将本地安装的软件包安装到另一台计算机上,则只需执行以下命令
apt list --installed | awk -F/ -v ORS=" " 'NR>1 {print $1}' > apt_packages.txt
如果您只想手动安装软件包,请尝试以下操作:
apt list --manual-installed | awk -F/ -v ORS=" " 'NR>1 {print $1}' > apt_packages.txt
现在您的所有 apt-packages 都已准备好安装在另一个或新安装的 Ubuntu 系统上。
sudo apt-get install < apt_packages.txt
详细说明
如果您想确切地知道何时、删除了什么以及哪些软件包被删除,请查看您的
/var/log/apt
目录。例如。在 history.log
文件中搜索或使用 sed、awk、grep 或您最喜欢的 text-editor 来搜索历史文件。
第四种思路
\\n
Now it is far easier to get the installation details of packages.
\\n
以下是简单的步骤:
-
将以下脚本复制并粘贴到文件中,并使用任意名称(如
pkgdetails
)保存。\n
#!/bin/bash\n\n#Get the details and section of installed packages\n# usage:\n# pkgdetails <pkgname1> <pkgname2>\n\n#first append all info from archived logs\n\ni=2\nmycount=$(ls -l /var/log/dpkg.log.*.gz | wc -l)\nnlogs=$(( $mycount + 1 ))\n\nwhile [ $i -le $nlogs ]\ndo\nif [ -e /var/log/dpkg.log.$i.gz ]; then\nzcat /var/log/dpkg.log.$i.gz | grep "\\ install\\ " >> $HOME/pkgtmp.txt\nfi\ni=$(( $i+1 ))\n\ndone\n\n#next append all info from unarchived logs\n\ni=1\nnulogs=$(ls -l /var/log/dpkg.log.* | wc -l)\nnulogs=$(( $nulogs - $nlogs + 1 ))\nwhile [ $i -le $nulogs ]\ndo\nif [ -e /var/log/dpkg.log.$i ]; then\ncat /var/log/dpkg.log.$i | grep "\\ install\\ " >> $HOME/pkgtmp.txt\nfi\ni=$(( $i+1 ))\n\ndone\n\n#next append current log\n\ncat /var/log/dpkg.log | grep "\\ install\\ " >> $HOME/pkgtmp.txt\n\n#sort text file by date\n\nsort -n $HOME/pkgtmp.txt > $HOME/pkginstalls.txt\n\nrm $HOME/pkgtmp.txt\n\n# Now displaying the installation details of packages passed as arguments\n\nfor pkg in $@\ndo\necho "--------------------- Installation Details of $pkg ----------------------"\necho \ncat $HOME/pkginstalls.txt | grep -i $pkg\necho\napt-cache show $pkg | grep "Section" | sort -u\necho\ndone\n\nexit 0\n
-
使文件可执行并复制到
/bin
以将其用作命令。\n
chmod a+x pkgdetails && sudo cp pkgdetails /bin/\n
-
现在使用
pkgdetails
命令获取安装详细信息和软件包部分:\n
pkgdetails qbittorrent artha\n
这是我的输出:
--------------------- Installation Details of qbittorrent ----------------------
2013-07-24 07:52:27 install qbittorrent <none> 2.9.7-1
2013-07-24 09:11:32 install qbittorrent <none> 3.0.x-0~4366-20130722~precise1
2013-10-19 05:32:27 install qbittorrent <none> 3.0.x-0~4389-20130802~precise1
Section: net
Section: universe/net
--------------------- Installation Details of artha ----------------------
2013-07-11 23:50:16 install artha <none> 1.0.2-1ubuntu1
Section: universe/utils