问题描述
运行sudo apt-get install <PACKAGE>将安装程序包，其依赖项以及任何其他推荐的程序包。
但是，似乎没有办法只安装包的依赖项并排除包本身。
怎么会这样做呢？
最佳解决思路
这将在包的Depends和PreDepends字段中安装所有包：
sudo apt-get install $(apt-cache depends <PACKAGE> | grep Depends | sed "s/.*ends:\ //" | tr '\n' ' ')
基本上你要求所有依赖项，过滤掉(Pre)Depends，并格式化apt-get的输出。
一个问题是依赖性
Depends: pulseaudio
pulseaudio:i386
或虚拟包
Depends: <java6-runtime-headless>
default-jre-headless
openjdk-6-jre-headless
所以：小心使用 – 它并不适用于所有情况！
次佳解决思路
如果您不介意复制/过去，只需使用-s模拟apt-get安装。这样您就会看到哪些其他软件包将被安装和/或升级，然后您只需从该列表中删除您不想安装的软件包名称即可。
sudo apt-get install -s <package>
第三种解决思路
apt-get build-dep <package>将成功。
第四种思路
要列出未安装的给定程序包的所有依赖项，可以使用aptitude
aptitude search '!~i?reverse-depends("^PACKAGE_NAME$")'
要安装依赖项
aptitude search '!~i?reverse-depends("^PACKAGE_NAME$")' -F "%p" | xargs sudo apt-get install
例子
-
列出依赖项
% aptitude search '!~i?reverse-depends("^mc$")' p mc-data - Midnight Commander - a powerful file manager -- data files -
仅显示包名称
% aptitude search '!~i?reverse-depends("^mc$")' -F "%p" mc-data -
安装依赖项，例如
mc% aptitude search '!~i?reverse-depends("^mc$")' -F "%p" | xargs sudo apt-get install Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following NEW packages will be installed: mc-data 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 1.166 kB of archives. After this operation, 5.550 kB of additional disk space will be used. Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ wily/universe mc-data all 3:4.8.13-3 [1.166 kB] Fetched 1.166 kB in 0s (1.250 kB/s) Selecting previously unselected package mc-data. (Reading database ... 606748 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../mc-data_3%3a4.8.13-3_all.deb ... Unpacking mc-data (3:4.8.13-3) ... Processing triggers for doc-base (0.10.6) ... Processing 1 added doc-base file... Registering documents with scrollkeeper... Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.4-1) ... Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme (0.15-0ubuntu1) ... Setting up mc-data (3:4.8.13-3) ...