问题描述
我厌倦了尝试为phyton 2.7.5安装numpy和scipy,我需要这个版本的python,因为我的最终目标是安装类(http://class-code.net/)和montepython(http://montepython.net/)。
(我有ubuntu 12.04)
当我尝试导入numpy或scipy时,我每次都会收到以下错误:
$ phyton2.7
>>> import numpy
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/__init__.py", line 137, in <module>
import add_newdocs
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/add_newdocs.py", line 9, in <module>
from numpy.lib import add_newdoc
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/lib/__init__.py", line 4, in <module>
from type_check import *
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/lib/type_check.py", line 8, in <module>
import numpy.core.numeric as _nx
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/core/__init__.py", line 5, in <module>
import multiarray
ImportError: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/core/multiarray.so: undefined symbol: PyUnicodeUCS4_AsUnicodeEscapeString
>> import scipy
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/scipy/__init__.py", line 78, in <module>
from numpy import show_config as show_numpy_config
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/__init__.py", line 137, in <module>
import add_newdocs
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/add_newdocs.py", line 9, in <module>
from numpy.lib import add_newdoc
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/lib/__init__.py", line 4, in <module>
from type_check import *
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/lib/type_check.py", line 8, in <module>
import numpy.core.numeric as _nx
File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/core/__init__.py", line 5, in <module>
import multiarray
ImportError: /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/core/multiarray.so: undefined symbol: PyUnicodeUCS4_AsUnicodeEscapeString
为了摆脱我曾尝试过的错误:
-
满足python要求:
$ sudo apt-get install build-essential python-dev gfortran
-
使用apt-get安装:
$ sudo apt-get install python-numpy python-scipy python-matplotlib ipython ipython-notebook python-pandas python-sympy python-nose
-
使用pip安装要求:
$ sudo pip install requests
-
…并尝试使用pip进行安装:
$ sudo pip install numpy
和$ sudo pip install scipy
-
我已经有环境var:
export PYTHONPATH=/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages:${PYTHONPATH}
我最后一次安装numpy和scipy(在较旧的ubuntu版本10.x中)这对我有用。 -
sudo sh -c "wget http://python-distribute.org/distribute_setup.py -O- | python"
sudo sh -c "wget https://raw.github.com/pypa/pip/master/contrib/get-pip.py -O- | python"
然后按照(4)中的pip安装它们但现在看来python-distribute.org的服务器已关闭。我收到以下错误:
http://python-distribute.org/distribute_setup.py Resolving python-distribute.org (python-distribute.org)... failed: Name or service not known. wget: unable to resolve host address `python-distribute.org'
-
我还尝试从synaptic和Ubuntu软件中心安装numpy和scipy
我在每次尝试中都失败了,现在我不知道该怎么办。我错过了什么吗?如何为python正确安装numpy和scipy?任何想法将不胜感激。
当我做
echo $PYTHONPATH
我明白了
/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages
最佳解决方案
好的,让我们按照installation guide:
-
它说你需要python 2.7(你已经拥有):
$ python --version Python 2.7.4
-
然后它说你也需要numpy包,版本> = 1.4.1:
apt-cache policy python-numpy python-numpy: Installed: (none) Candidate: 1:1.7.1-1ubuntu1 Version table: 1:1.7.1-1ubuntu1 0 500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring/main amd64 Packages
如您所见,我有numpy版本1.7.1,所以让我们继续安装它:
sudo apt-get install python-numpy
-
现在它说我们需要cython,让我们检查一下这个包是否可用:
apt-cache policy cython cython: Installed: (none) Candidate: 0.17.4-0ubuntu1 Version table: 0.17.4-0ubuntu1 0 500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring/main amd64 Packages
我们有它,我们安装它:
sudo apt-get install cython
请注意,还有其他正在安装的依赖包。
-
奇怪的是,我们也需要scipy模块:
sudo apt-get install python-scipy
-
测试。在终端中打开python并输入以下内容:
$ python Python 2.7.4 (default, Sep 26 2013, 03:20:26) [GCC 4.7.3] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import numpy >>> import scipy >>> import cython >>> exit()
以上,必须没有错误。如果出现问题,请再次阅读指南,忘记/滑了一步。
-
从页面下载CLASS源代码,转到终端中的目录,然后解压缩并进行以下操作:
cd where/the/tar/is tar zxf class_v2.0.2.tar.gz cd class_v2.0.2 make
在这里,我们将等到完成。完成后,我们转到python目录并启动魔术。没有从目录移动运行:
cd python python setup.py build python setup.py install --user
现在我们在用户目录中安装了CLASS。我们应该测试一下!
python Python 2.7.4 (default, Sep 26 2013, 03:20:26) [GCC 4.7.3] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> from classy import Class >>> exit()
在这里,一切都很好。
-
现在真相时,在你的代码目录中下载monthypython tarball:cd~mkdir code cd code wget https://www.dropbox.com/s/l7mnhwsktp1m8b5/montepython_v1.2.5.tar.bz2?dl=1 -O montepython_v1.2.5 .tar.bz2 tar jxf montepython_v1.2.5.tar.bz2在安装说明are some notes中与此特殊情况(新安装)无关,但在更新montepython时可能很重要。
-
这种变化很重要。你还记得你安装CLASS的地方吗?现在你应该告诉Monte Python在哪里。在我的情况下它是
/home/braiam/src/class_v2.0.2/class
,你的可能会有所不同。您可以使用find
来查找它:find ~ -name class -print
那么,现在我使用您喜欢的任何内容修改
default.conf
文件(我将使用nano)并修改root
路径,因此完整的文件将如下所示:# Fill in the relevant path to your personal distribution. # If you create a new file out of this one, please remember to call # MontePython.py with the option '-conf my.conf' # At minimum, this file should contain one line: # ** path['cosmo'] = path to the cosmological code you are using. Note, if you are # using a modified version of class, be sure that the path contains the word # class, otherwise the code might not recognise it. # If you want to use a data folder different from the one present in the folder # you are executing the code, please also add: # ** path['data'] = /path/to/the/other/data/ root = '/home/braiam/src/class_v2.0.2/' path['cosmo'] = root+'/class/'
保存文件并退出。
-
测试montepython!如果一切正常,你应该能够在你的montepythong目录中运行
code/MontePython.py --help
并运行一切:〜/src /montepython $ code /MontePython.py –help用法:MontePython.py [-h] [-N步数] [-o output folder] [-p input param file] [-c input cov matrix] [-j jump method] [-f jumping factor] [-conf configuration file] [-chain_number chain number] [-r restart from链[]从最佳拟合文件重新启动] [-info [所需文件的计算信息[所需文件的计算信息…]]] [ – 所需的箱数,默认为20] [-no_mean] [ – comp比较文件夹] [-extra plot file for custom needs] [-noplot] [-all] [-ext change extension for output file] [-fontsize desired fontsize,默认为15] [-ticksize desired ticksize,默认为13 ] Monte Py thon,Python中的蒙特卡罗代码可选参数:-h, – help显示此帮助消息并退出-N步数-o输出文件夹-p输入参数文件-c输入cov矩阵-j跳转方法-f跳跃因子-conf配置文件-chain_number链号-r从链-bf重启从最佳拟合文件-info [所需文件的计算信息[所需文件的计算信息…]] – 所需的箱数,默认为20 – no_mean -comp比较文件夹-extra用于自定义需求的绘图文件-noplot -all -ext更改输出文件的扩展名-fontsize desired fontsize,默认为15 -ticksize所需的ticksize,默认为13
有了这个,你已经安装了montepython并准备好了!