问题描述
我有一个第三方专有应用程序服务器守护程序,可以通过几个命令行来启动和停止它。我需要该守护程序在系统启动时启动,并在系统关闭时正确停止。我该如何正确实施?在/etc/init.d中复制一些脚本并进行相应修改是否足够?
最佳答案
init.d是旧的,不赞成使用的启动守护程序的系统; upstart已取代。 Upstart的优点是易于配置,并且可以对任务初始化进行适当的排序。
upstart的配置文件位于/etc /init中,如果您的守护程序没有任何先决条件,则可以像tty1.conf一样简单:
# tty1 - getty
#
# This service maintains a getty on tty1 from the point the system is
# started until it is shut down again.
start on stopped rc RUNLEVEL=[2345]
stop on runlevel [!2345]
respawn
exec /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty1
在这种情况下,您可以复制该文件并修改其口味。最好在新贵网站和/etc /init中的其他条目中记录更复杂的配置。
添加以回应评论
无论您使用upstart还是init.d,您仍然需要一些方法来确定Firebird何时正确初始化。不幸的是,Firebird本身似乎没有验证it is installed and running的好方法。因此,将程序启动到/etc/rc.local的建议当然是最简单的,并且至少在Ubuntu上-确保在启动过程中尽可能晚地运行。
次佳答案
如果您不想迁移到UPSTART,但希望使用经典方法,则必须:
注意:我会将服务和程序以相同的名称保存在不同的目录中(但是您可以更改它,只要它反映在服务文件中即可)。将”myscriptname”和”myprogramname”更改为真实名称!
-
将将作为服务运行的程序保存在/usr /sbin
sudo cp myprogramname /usr/sbin/myscriptname
中 -
创建一个基本的启动脚本(使用/etc/init.d/skeleton作为参考)
-
将此脚本移动到/etc/init.d
sudo mv /etc/init.d/myscriptname
-
授予此脚本可执行权限(我使用775,但可以将其设置得较低)
sudo chmod 755 /etc/init.d/myscriptname
-
转到/etc/init.d
cd /etc/init.d
-
具有低启动优先级的启动列表中包含
sudo update-rc.d myscriptname defaults 97 03
重新启动计算机,然后检查服务是否已正确启动
sudo ps -A --sort cmd
如果您的服务无法正常启动,则应首先检查它是否在手动调用时运行:
cd /etc/init.d
sudo service myscriptname start
在下面,我提供了一个实际有效的示例服务文件。将其与框架服务进行比较,以了解您需要配置的内容。注意:这适用于Ubuntu 12.04 amazon cloud AWS EC2经典LAMP实现(也适用于Kubuntu 15.10)。
#! /bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:
# Required-Start: $remote_fs
# Required-Stop: $remote_fs
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: Sample_GT02 daemon startup script
# Description: Sample Server for GT02 class
### END INIT INFO
# Author: Tony Gil
#
# Do NOT "set -e"
# PATH should only include /usr/* if it runs after the mountnfs.sh script
PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin
DESC="Sample Daemon"
NAME=sampleserver_gt02
DAEMON=/usr/sbin/$NAME
PIDFILE=/var/run/$NAME.pid
SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME
CHUID=root
# Exit if the package is not installed
[ -x "$DAEMON" ] || exit 0
# Read configuration variable file if it is present
[ -r /etc/default/$NAME ] && . /etc/default/$NAME
# Load the VERBOSE setting and other rcS variables
. /lib/init/vars.sh
# Define LSB log_* functions.
# Depend on lsb-base (>= 3.0-6) to ensure that this file is present.
. /lib/lsb/init-functions
#
# Function that starts the daemon/service
#
do_start()
{
# Return
# 0 if daemon has been started
# 1 if daemon was already running
# 2 if daemon could not be started
start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --exec $DAEMON --test > /dev/null \
|| return 1
start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --chuid $CHUID --pidfile $PIDFILE --exec $DAEMON -- \
$DAEMON_ARGS \
|| return 2
}
#
# Function that stops the daemon/service
#
do_stop()
{
# Return
# 0 if daemon has been stopped
# 1 if daemon was already stopped
# 2 if daemon could not be stopped
# other if a failure occurred
start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --retry=TERM/30/KILL/5 --pidfile $PIDFILE --name $NAME
RETVAL="$?"
[ "$RETVAL" = 2 ] && return 2
# Wait for children to finish too if this is a daemon that forks
# and if the daemon is only ever run from this initscript.
# If the above conditions are not satisfied then add some other code
# that waits for the process to drop all resources that could be
# needed by services started subsequently. A last resort is to
# sleep for some time.
start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --oknodo --retry=0/30/KILL/5 --exec $DAEMON
[ "$?" = 2 ] && return 2
# Many daemons don't delete their pidfiles when they exit.
rm -f $PIDFILE
return "$RETVAL"
}
#
# Function that sends a SIGHUP to the daemon/service
#
do_reload() {
#
# If the daemon can reload its configuration without
# restarting (for example, when it is sent a SIGHUP),
# then implement that here.
#
start-stop-daemon --stop --signal 1 --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --name $NAME
return 0
}
case "$1" in
start)
[ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_daemon_msg "Starting $DESC" "$NAME"
do_start
case "$?" in
0|1) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 0 ;;
2) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 1 ;;
esac
;;
stop)
[ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_daemon_msg "Stopping $DESC" "$NAME"
do_stop
case "$?" in
0|1) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 0 ;;
2) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 1 ;;
esac
;;
#reload|force-reload)
#
# If do_reload() is not implemented then leave this commented out
# and leave 'force-reload' as an alias for 'restart'.
#
#log_daemon_msg "Reloading $DESC" "$NAME"
#do_reload
#log_end_msg $?
#;;
restart|force-reload)
#
# If the "reload" option is implemented then remove the
# 'force-reload' alias
#
log_daemon_msg "Restarting $DESC" "$NAME"
do_stop
case "$?" in
0|1)
do_start
case "$?" in
0) log_end_msg 0 ;;
1) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Old process is still running
*) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Failed to start
esac
;;
*)
# Failed to stop
log_end_msg 1
;;
esac
;;
*)
#echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload}" >&2
echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|restart|force-reload}" >&2
exit 3
;;
esac
:
第三种答案
复制/etc/init.d/skeleton并在适当的位置进行编辑以启动/停止/重新启动服务。它的评论很好,因此您应该能够立即创建一个有效的init.d脚本。