问题描述
我需要一张CD或USB棒,它将在完全无头的机器上安装Ubuntu。将CD放入并重新启动,不应涉及任何键盘或屏幕。
有几个障碍:
-
第一次启动CD时的语言选择菜单。
-
CD菜单等待的事实。
-
安装程序在安装过程中询问问题。
最佳解决方案
完整的解决方案是:
重新制作一张CD,即下载一个非图形化的ubuntu安装ISO(服务器或备用安装CD),然后安装它
$ sudo su -
# mkdir -p /mnt/iso
# mount -o loop ubuntu.iso /mnt/iso
将相关文件复制到其他目录
# mkdir -p /opt/ubuntuiso
# cp -rT /mnt/iso /opt/ubuntuiso
防止出现语言选择菜单
# cd /opt/ubuntuiso
# echo en >isolinux/lang
使用GUI程序添加名为ks.cfg
的kickstart文件
# apt-get install system-config-kickstart
# system-config-kickstart # save file to ks.cfg
要为安装添加软件包,请将%package
部分添加到ks.cfg
kickstart文件中,并附加到ks.cfg
文件的末尾。
%packages
@ ubuntu-server
openssh-server
ftp
build-essential
这将安装ubuntu-server “bundle”,并将添加openssh-server
,ftp
和build-essential
软件包。
添加一个预先定义的文件,以抑制其他问题
# echo 'd-i partman/confirm_write_new_label boolean true
d-i partman/choose_partition \
select Finish partitioning and write changes to disk
d-i partman/confirm boolean true' > ks.preseed
将启动命令行设置为使用kickstart和预置文件
# vi isolinux/txt.cfg
搜索
label install
menu label ^Install Ubuntu Server
kernel /install/vmlinuz
append file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu-server.seed vga=788 initrd=/install/initrd.gz quiet --
将ks=cdrom:/ks.cfg
和preseed/file=/cdrom/ks.preseed
添加到追加行。您可以删除quiet
和vga=788
文字。它应该看起来像
append file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu-server.seed \
initrd=/install/initrd.gz \
ks=cdrom:/ks.cfg preseed/file=/cdrom/ks.preseed --
现在创建一个新的iso
# mkisofs -D -r -V "ATTENDLESS_UBUNTU" \
-cache-inodes -J -l -b isolinux/isolinux.bin \
-c isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 \
-boot-info-table -o /opt/autoinstall.iso /opt/ubuntuiso
而已。你将拥有一张CD,一旦你从它启动,就可以安装一个Ubuntu系统,而不需要单个按键。
次佳解决方案
这是一个执行这个过程的shell脚本,感谢您的介绍:http://www.utech.de/2013/05/shell-script-creating-a-cd-for-unattended-ubuntu-server-installations/
你在链接后面找到的脚本基本上实现了@Elazar描述的过程,所以主要部分只是上面的屏幕。我添加了一段时间保存某人的链接,并为其他版本的Ubuntu重复此操作更容易一些。
第三种解决方案
这个问题的说明涵盖了创建EFI可启动ISO(如官方Ubuntu x86_64 ISO)的过程:
How do I create an EFI-bootable ISO of a customized version of Ubuntu?
主要区别在于将其设置为预先选定的文件:
d-i partman-auto/method string lvm
d-i partman-auto-lvm/guided_size string max
d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe select atomic
d-i partman-partitioning/confirm_write_new_label boolean true
d-i partman/confirm_write_new_label boolean true
d-i partman/choose_partition select finish
d-i partman/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true
d-i partman/confirm boolean true
d-i partman-auto/purge_lvm_from_device boolean true
d-i partman-lvm/device_remove_lvm boolean true
d-i partman-lvm/confirm boolean true
d-i partman-lvm/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true
d-i partman-auto/init_automatically_partition select Guided - use entire disk and set up LVM
d-i partman/choose_partition select Finish partitioning and write changes to disk
d-i partman-auto-lvm/no_boot boolean true
d-i partman-md/device_remove_md boolean true
d-i partman-md/confirm boolean true
d-i partman-md/confirm_nooverwrite boolean true
将其用作kickstart文件:
lang en_US
langsupport en_US
keyboard us
mouse
timezone America/Los_Angeles
rootpw --disabled
user USERNAME --fullname "USERNAME" --password "PASSWORD"
reboot
text
install
cdrom
auth --useshadow --enablemd5
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0
firewall --disabled
skipx
%packages
@ ubuntu-server
openssh-server
编辑ISO的grub EFI引导配置:
sudo nano ~/ubuntu/boot/grub/grub.cfg
设置:
if loadfont /boot/grub/font.pf2 ; then
set gfxmode=auto
insmod efi_gop
insmod efi_uga
insmod gfxterm
terminal_output gfxterm
fi
set menu_color_normal=white/light-blue
set menu_color_highlight=light-blue/light-gray
set timeout=10
set default=0
menuentry "Automatically Install Ubuntu Server with Custom Config" {
set gfxpayload=keep
linux /install/vmlinuz file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu-server.seed quiet ks=cdrom:/ks.cfg preseed/file=/cdrom/ks.preseed --
initrd /install/initrd.gz
}
menuentry "OEM install (for manufacturers)" {
set gfxpayload=keep
linux /install/vmlinuz file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu-server.seed quiet oem-config/enable=true --
initrd /install/initrd.gz
}
menuentry "Multiple server install with MAAS" {
set gfxpayload=keep
linux /install/vmlinuz modules=maas-enlist-udeb vga=788 initrd=/install/initrd.gz quiet --
initrd /install/initrd.gz
}
menuentry "Check disc for defects" {
set gfxpayload=keep
linux /install/vmlinuz MENU=/bin/cdrom-checker-menu quiet --
initrd /install/initrd.gz
}
menuentry "Rescue a broken system" {
set gfxpayload=keep
linux /install/vmlinuz rescue/enable=true --
initrd /install/initrd.gz
}
设置isolinux /txt.cfg像这样:
default install
label install
menu label ^Install Ubuntu Server with Custom Config
kernel /install/vmlinuz
append file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu-server.seed initrd=/install/initrd.gz ks=cdrom:/ks.cfg preseed/file=/cdrom/ks.preseed --
label cloud
menu label ^Multiple server install with MAAS
kernel /install/vmlinuz
append modules=maas-enlist-udeb vga=788 initrd=/install/initrd.gz quiet --
label check
menu label ^Check disc for defects
kernel /install/vmlinuz
append MENU=/bin/cdrom-checker-menu vga=788 initrd=/install/initrd.gz quiet --
label memtest
menu label Test ^memory
kernel /install/mt86plus
label hd
menu label ^Boot from first hard disk
localboot 0x80
创建一个双引导目录ISO:
sudo mkisofs -U -A "Custom1404" -V "Custom1404" -volset "Custom1404" -J -joliet-long -r -v -T -o ../Custom1404.iso -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table -eltorito-alt-boot -e boot/grub/efi.img -no-emul-boot .
验证EFI-bootable ISO已创建:
dumpet -i Custom1404.iso
输出:
Validation Entry:
Header Indicator: 0x01 (Validation Entry)
PlatformId: 0x00 (80x86)
ID: ""
Checksum: 0x55aa
Key bytes: 0x55aa
Boot Catalog Default Entry:
Entry is bootable
Boot Media emulation type: no emulation
Media load segment: 0x0 (0000:7c00)
System type: 0 (0x00)
Load Sectors: 4 (0x0004)
Load LBA: 3100 (0x00000c1c)
Section Header Entry:
Header Indicator: 0x91 (Final Section Header Entry)
PlatformId: 0xef (EFI)
Section Entries: 1
ID: ""
Boot Catalog Section Entry:
Entry is bootable
Boot Media emulation type: no emulation
Media load address: 0 (0x0000)
System type: 0 (0x00)
Load Sectors: 4672 (0x1240)
Load LBA: 1932 (0x0000078c)