问题描述
在Ubuntu 14.04中，sudo service networking restart和sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart都不再做任何事情。他们也都用代码1退出。显然有一些变化(或者变化了一半)，但是我找不到。这显然会导致远程网络重新配置和Ansible等工具出现问题。
$ sudo bash -x /usr/sbin/service networking restart
[sudo] password for wirehive:
++ basename /usr/sbin/service
+ VERSION='service ver. 0.91-ubuntu1'
++ basename /usr/sbin/service
+ USAGE='Usage: service < option > | --status-all | [ service_name [ command | --full-restart ] ]'
+ SERVICE=
+ ACTION=
+ SERVICEDIR=/etc/init.d
+ OPTIONS=
+ '[' 2 -eq 0 ']'
+ cd /
+ '[' 2 -gt 0 ']'
+ case "${1}" in
+ '[' -z '' -a 2 -eq 1 -a networking = --status-all ']'
+ '[' 2 -eq 2 -a restart = --full-restart ']'
+ '[' -z '' ']'
+ SERVICE=networking
+ shift
+ '[' 1 -gt 0 ']'
+ case "${1}" in
+ '[' -z networking -a 1 -eq 1 -a restart = --status-all ']'
+ '[' 1 -eq 2 -a '' = --full-restart ']'
+ '[' -z networking ']'
+ '[' -z '' ']'
+ ACTION=restart
+ shift
+ '[' 0 -gt 0 ']'
+ '[' -r /etc/init/networking.conf ']'
+ which initctl
+ grep -q upstart
+ initctl version
+ case "${ACTION}" in
+ stop networking
stop: Job failed while stopping
+ :
+ exec start networking
start: Job is already running: networking
远程重启Ubuntu 14.04服务器网络的正确方法是什么？
最佳解决办法
原来这是一个”feature”。在Ubuntu Server中重新启动接口的唯一支持方式是sudo ifdown eth0 && sudo ifup eth0
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/ifupdown/+bug/1301015
次佳解决办法
ifdown，ifup不适用于我(可能在第二个命令之前的SSH连接超时)。什么工作是：
sudo service network-manager restart
这是在14.04 ubuntu-desktop系统上。
第三种解决办法
改变的是他们不想让你”bouncing”网络了。停止并开始，仍然工作。重新启动不再有效。我只是”solved”这”problem”，也就是说我得到了旧的行为回来。恢复到先前的行为：以13.10 /etc/init/networking.conf文件并用它替换14.04文件。 (编辑：澄清哪个取代哪个)
该过程如下所示：
(Just before this, I configured my /etc/network/interfaces for eth1 on a 192.168.117.x address)
"/etc/network/interfaces" 16L, 413C written
root@1404-Anode:~# service networking restart
stop: Job failed while stopping
start: Job is already running: networking
root@1404-Anode:~# echo "hmm, wth?"
hmm, wth?
root@1404-Anode:~# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0c:29:d6:a8:19
inet addr:192.168.115.105 Bcast:192.168.115.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: 2002:4077:9050:1234:a08c:29c1:ce9b:a57b/64 Scope:Global
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fed6:a819/64 Scope:Link
inet6 addr: 2002:4077:9050:1234:20c:29ff:fed6:a819/64 Scope:Global
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:646 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:531 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:58748 (58.7 KB) TX bytes:75465 (75.4 KB)
(lo removed here)
root@1404-Anode:~# cd /etc/init
root@1404-Anode:/etc/init# diff networking.conf.1310 networking.conf.1404
13c13
< and (stopped udevtrigger or container)) or runlevel [2345]
---
> and (stopped udevtrigger or container)) or runlevel [2345] or stopped networking >RESULT=failed PROCESS=post-stop EXIT_STATUS=100
16a17,20
> if [ "$UPSTART_EVENTS" = "stopped" ] && [ "$UPSTART_JOB" = "networking" ] && [ "$EXIT_STATUS" = "100" ]; then
> exit 0
> fi
>
21a26,31
> if [ -z "$UPSTART_STOP_EVENTS" ]; then
> echo "Stopping or restarting the networking job is not supported."
> echo "Use ifdown & ifup to reconfigure desired interface."
> exit 100
> fi
root@1404-Anode:/etc/init#
对/etc/init.d/networking脚本执行相同的操作，这是/etc/init/networking.conf文件引用/调用的内容。
root@1404-Anode:/etc/init# cp networking.conf.1310 networking.conf
root@1404-Anode:/etc/init# cd ../init.d
root@1404-Anode:/etc/init.d# diff networking.1404 networking.1310
15d14
< STATEDIR="$RUN_DIR/state"
21a21,27
> # Make sure that it's clear to the user that they shouldn't use this
> # script under upstart
> if init_is_upstart; then
> echo "ERROR: Calling a sysvinit script on a system using upstart isn't supported. Please use the 'service' command instead."
> exit 1
> fi
>
52,54d57
< if ! chown root:netdev "$RUN_DIR" ; then
< log_warning_msg "can't chown $RUN_DIR"
< fi
160,162d162
< if init_is_upstart; then
< exit 1
< fi
166c166
< state=$(ifquery --state)
---
> state=$(cat /run/network/ifstate)
root@1404-Anode:/etc/init.d# cp networking.1310 networking
root@1404-Anode:/etc/init.d# service networking restart
networking stop/waiting
networking start/running
root@1404-Anode:/etc/init.d# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0c:29:d6:a8:19
inet addr:192.168.115.105 Bcast:192.168.115.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: 2002:4077:9050:1234:a08c:29c1:ce9b:a57b/64 Scope:Global
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fed6:a819/64 Scope:Link
inet6 addr: 2002:4077:9050:1234:20c:29ff:fed6:a819/64 Scope:Global
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:3398 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:2545 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:318654 (318.6 KB) TX bytes:418804 (418.8 KB)
eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0c:29:d6:a8:23
inet addr:192.168.117.105 Bcast:192.168.117.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fed6:a823/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:98 errors:0 dropped:58 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:15 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:20055 (20.0 KB) TX bytes:1226 (1.2 KB)
(lo removed)
root@1404-Anode:/etc/init.d# echo "hah, it works! *8^)"
Hah, it works! *8^)
root@1404-Anode:/etc/init.d#
(note: the steps where I scp'd the 1310 versions into the 1404 system are omitted for brevity).
很明显，他们在那里设置了防守退出的原因，但他们并不打算真正输出发生的事情。
当您尝试时，条目会进入/var/log/upstart/networking.log，如下所示：
Stopping or restarting the networking job is not supported.
Use ifdown & ifup to reconfigure desired interface.
但是，当您尝试重新启动服务联网时，他们确实可以/应该将该消息输出为对话消息。呃，好吧。计算出来，甚至old-way解决。
编辑：我发现这会导致无意中触发由/etc/init/failsafe.conf控制的脚本，这是不受欢迎的，因为它会在每次启动时导致120秒的超时延迟……以及可能掩盖实际的错误配置/网络这个延迟的外观会显示的问题，但它已经一直显示。 (例如，拔出的电缆，例如允许访问映射到/etc /fstab中的网络文件共享)
无论如何，我会找出造成这种情况的原因总是会造成超时，并在找到它时发布修正。
第四种办法
关于kvm-user420的回应，我已经提前设置了一个脚本来替换Ubuntu 14.04的网络脚本和Ubuntu 13.10的脚本
你可以在这里找到它：https://github.com/metral/restore_networking
请享用！