问题描述
在我的控制台上，目录的颜色很蓝，在黑暗的背景下很难阅读。
如何更改ls的颜色定义？
最佳解决方案
要更改目录颜色，请使用编辑器打开~/.bashrc文件
nano ~/.bashrc
并在文件末尾进行以下输入：
LS_COLORS=$LS_COLORS:'di=0;35:' ; export LS_COLORS
一些很好的颜色选择(在这种情况下0;35是紫色的)是：
Blue = 34
Green = 32
Light Green = 1;32
Cyan = 36
Red = 31
Purple = 35
Brown = 33
Yellow = 1;33
Bold White = 1;37
Light Grey = 0;37
Black = 30
Dark Grey= 1;30
第一个数字是样式(1 =粗体)，后跟分号，然后颜色的实际数量，可能的样式(效果)为：
0 = default colour
1 = bold
4 = underlined
5 = flashing text (disabled on some terminals)
7 = reverse field (exchange foreground and background color)
8 = concealed (invisible)
可能的背景：
40 = black background
41 = red background
42 = green background
43 = orange background
44 = blue background
45 = purple background
46 = cyan background
47 = grey background
100 = dark grey background
101 = light red background
102 = light green background
103 = yellow background
104 = light blue background
105 = light purple background
106 = turquoise background
107 = white background
所有可能的颜色：
31 = red
32 = green
33 = orange
34 = blue
35 = purple
36 = cyan
37 = grey
90 = dark grey
91 = light red
92 = light green
93 = yellow
94 = light blue
95 = light purple
96 = turquoise
97 = white
这些甚至可以组合在一起，这样一个参数就像：
di=1;4;31;42
在你的LS_COLORS变量中会使目录显示为带有绿色背景的带下划线的红色文本！
要在终端中测试所有这些颜色和样式，您可以使用以下之一：
for i in 00{2..8} {0{3,4,9},10}{0..7}
do echo -e "$i \e[0;${i}mSubdermatoglyphic text\e[00m \e[1;${i}mSubdermatoglyphic text\e[00m"
done
for i in 00{2..8} {0{3,4,9},10}{0..7}
do for j in 0 1
do echo -e "$j;$i \e[$j;${i}mSubdermatoglyphic text\e[00m"
done
done
您还可以在使用ls命令时通过定义每种类型来更改其他类型的文件：
bd = (BLOCK, BLK) Block device (buffered) special file
cd = (CHAR, CHR) Character device (unbuffered) special file
di = (DIR) Directory
do = (DOOR) [Door][1]
ex = (EXEC) Executable file (ie. has 'x' set in permissions)
fi = (FILE) Normal file
ln = (SYMLINK, LINK, LNK) Symbolic link. If you set this to ‘target’ instead of a numerical value, the color is as for the file pointed to.
mi = (MISSING) Non-existent file pointed to by a symbolic link (visible when you type ls -l)
no = (NORMAL, NORM) Normal (non-filename) text. Global default, although everything should be something
or = (ORPHAN) Symbolic link pointing to an orphaned non-existent file
ow = (OTHER_WRITABLE) Directory that is other-writable (o+w) and not sticky
pi = (FIFO, PIPE) Named pipe (fifo file)
sg = (SETGID) File that is setgid (g+s)
so = (SOCK) Socket file
st = (STICKY) Directory with the sticky bit set (+t) and not other-writable
su = (SETUID) File that is setuid (u+s)
tw = (STICKY_OTHER_WRITABLE) Directory that is sticky and other-writable (+t,o+w)
*.extension = Every file using this extension e.g. *.rpm = files with the ending .rpm
Bigsoft – Configuring LS_COLORS提供更完整的列表。
尤其是，您可能需要更改ow(OTHER_WRITABLE)的背景颜色，该文件的默认值为绿色背景上的non-readable non-bold蓝色文本，以便可供所有用户使用的文件。
您可以在.bashrc文件末尾使用例如LS_COLORS="$LS_COLORS:ow=1;33"，以在黑色背景上获得可读的粗体橙色文本。
在更改.bashrc文件后，要使更改生效，必须重新启动shell或运行source ~/.bashrc。
资源：
次佳解决方案
很简单。将这三行添加到〜/.bashrc
$ vi ~/.bashrc
export LS_OPTIONS='--color=auto'
eval "$(dircolors -b)"
alias ls='ls $LS_OPTIONS'
如果您想在正在运行的bash会话中应用更改，请运行：
source ~/.bashrc
第三种解决方案
这是一组扩展名：颜色映射，适合用作LS COLORS环境变量。
第四种方案
除Hegazi的回答之外，您可以使用dircolors命令实际控制目录颜色和许多其他颜色。您可以创建一个有据可查的配置文件。
您可以在主目录中创建.dircolor文件，如下所示：
dircolors -p > ~/.dircolors
然后在〜/.bashrc文件中添加行
eval "`dircolors -b ~/.dircolors`"
alias ls='ls --color=auto'
这将为bash创建一个$ LS_COLORS变量。如果用于csh，-c标志将被设置。它还标记ls命令以彩色显示。
在〜/.dircolor文件颜色中编辑上述DIR属性的值，以更改目录(或任何其他颜色的其他包含文件类型)的颜色。您还可以更改特定文件的颜色，或定义您自己的文件。