我如何报告错误？

问题描述

我在Ubuntu上发现了一个应用程序的问题。

问题：

• 我如何最好地报告问题？

• 我应该提供什么样的信息？

最佳解决方案

Ubuntu Wiki有a very thorough guide，可以很好地说明并涵盖许多可能的场景。

该页面的实质是您首先需要一个Launchpad account，然后按Alt + F2并输入ubuntu-bug packagename。在11.04及更高版本中，您可以输入ubuntu-bug -w并单击受影响的窗口。

该wiki页面上还介绍了一些方法，告诉您如何：

• 文件错误对正在运行的程序

• 针对没有特定的包(and how to decide which package)

• 和没有互联网接入的电脑。

有一个quick tutorial video解释更好。

还有一些关于如何收集错误报告信息的信息：

• I’ve got Internal Error whilst running a Ubuntu Beta. How to gather information and find out what it is?

次佳解决方案

The most general, and comprehensive set of instructions can be found at this community-maintained help page. This answer essentially, consolidates that page, and hence it is advised that you read it, and if you are hunting bugs, it is required that you read it.

简洁版本：

• 知道包裹有问题吗？在终端中输入ubuntu-bug <packagename>。

• 在你面前有一个窗户那辆越野车？在终端中键入ubuntu-bug -w，然后单击窗口。

• 有pid吗？在终端中输入ubuntu-bug <pid>。您也可以使用运行对话框(Alt + F2)代替终端。

长版本：

第一步：预赛

• 如果您还没有帐户，请在Launchpad创建一个帐户。建议您阅读Launchpad Help on creating a new account。 Direct Login/signup link here

• Determine if it is really a bug.

• 通过搜索Existing Bugs确保该错误尚未被报告。这对于帮助解决错误的志愿者Bug Squad来说很重要。如果你发现了一个bug，你可以用’这个bug影响我’来回答’这个bug是否会影响你’，并添加任何额外的信息作为注释。

第二步：确定发生故障的package

如果您知道哪个package存在错误，您可以运行ubuntu-bug <packagename>来启动错误报告过程。你现在可以继续下一步。 Detailed instructions on finding the right package are given here如果这些详细的说明没有帮助，你有最后的手段。

作为最后的手段：

您可以在终端或运行窗口中键入ubuntu-bug，并回答几个问题以收集关于该错误的一些信息。

If all else fails, and you were unable to determine the right package, you may ask for help in IRC channels, or go ahead and report a bug against no particular package. Kindly note that this adds extra effort on our small group of volunteers, and you are requested to use it, as the title reads, only as a last resort. Also note that this may delay the process of resolution for your bug, and thats another reason to put in all the effort you can, to find the right package.

您可以通过使用here来针对特定的软件包提交错误。

第三步：提交错误报告

(为了完整起见，从ReportingBugs逐字引用。)

执行上述任何命令后，Apport(Ubuntu bug-reporter)将收集必要的数据。然后会弹出一个窗口，询问您是否要报告该错误。如果您想继续操作，请点击”Send Report”;如果您想查看Apport收集到的信息，请点击“报告内容”。

Apport will then upload the problem information to Launchpad, and a new browser window will then open to inform you that the bug report is being processed. After the bug report data has been processed, a new page will open that will ask you for the bug report’s title. The bug title will appear in all bug listings so make sure it represents the bug well. When you’re done, click “Next”. A search will then occur based on the title you gave to the bug report, and will show potentially similar ones. If one of these seems to be the exact bug you’re reporting, click its title, then “Yes, this is the bug I’m trying to report”. If not, click “No, I need to report a new bug”. Launchpad will then ask you for further information. It’s important that you specify three things:

• What you expected to happen
• What actually happened
• If possible, a minimal series of steps necessary to make it happen, where step 1 is “start the program”

Fill in the description field with as much information as you can, it is better to have too much information in the description than not enough.

At then bottom of the page, there are some extra options you can use to make your bug report more complete:

• This bug is a security vulnerability: Please check this only if your bug report describes a behaviour that could be exploited to crack your system. (TODO: better wording?)

• Tags: You can add here tags that pertain to your bug report. The predefined values should be left alone.

• Include an attachment: Using this option, you can add supporting attachments to explain or help others reproduce the bug. This might include a screenshot, a video capture of the problem or a sample document that triggers the fault. Additional attachments, if necessary, can be added after the bug is reported via Add a comment/attachment at the bottom of the page.

完成后，点击“提交错误报告”。

如果您需要在off-line收集数据，您可以使用apport-cli。有关这方面的详细说明以及其他许多提示，请参见ReportingBugs

第三种解决方案

最新的指南似乎是ReportingBugs – Community Ubuntu Documentation

它对我来说看起来相当新，我认为把这些信息放在这里是多余的。

第四种方案

如果你有一个X错误(图形子系统)，X调试页面非常有用：

• X/Debugging – Ubuntu Wiki

通常做一个ubuntu-bug xorg将获得所有正确的信息到Launchpad。布莱斯补充说：

Yes, definitely a good recommendation. But also make sure to actually describe the problem. The most common mistake made in filing X bug reports is not fully describing what actually happened. Don’t assume the logs alone tell the full story – be verbose.

第五种方案

如果您知道有问题的应用程序(特别是软件包名称)，我建议您从终端使用ubuntu-bug命令。 ubuntu-bug packagename将收集一些自动化信息，并让您立即到启动板报告错误页面，您可以在此处描述问题。

这也是搜索潜在重复的好时机，如果您发现一次点击“也会影响我”按钮。

这个帮助页面有更多有用的信息：ReportingBugs – Community Ubuntu Documentation

第六种方案

它和going here一样简单，并填充2或3个字段。命令行不是唯一的方法。

或者，你可以使用这个(用URL替换包名中的PACKAGENAME，例如：unity，gnome-shell等)：

http://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/PACKAGENAME/+filebug?no-redirect

它在Ubuntu文档的this part中提到。

参考资料

• How do I report a bug?