问题描述
我收到一条错误消息，说明我的/boot已满。由于磁盘已满错误或依赖性错误，尝试清理旧映像文件似乎总是失败。有人可以解释我哪里出错了。
$ sudo apt-get autoremove
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run ‘apt-get -f install’ to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies.
linux-image-extra-3.13.0-44-generic : Depends: linux-image-3.13.0-44-generic but it is not installed
linux-image-extra-3.13.0-45-generic : Depends: linux-image-3.13.0-45-generic but it is not installed
linux-image-generic : Depends: linux-image-3.13.0-45-generic but it is not installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try using -f.
$ ls /boot
abi-3.13.0-32-generic initrd.img-3.13.0-43-generic
abi-3.13.0-36-generic lost+found
abi-3.13.0-37-generic memtest86+.bin
abi-3.13.0-39-generic memtest86+.elf
abi-3.13.0-40-generic memtest86+_multiboot.bin
abi-3.13.0-43-generic System.map-3.13.0-32-generic
config-3.13.0-32-generic System.map-3.13.0-36-generic
config-3.13.0-36-generic System.map-3.13.0-37-generic
config-3.13.0-37-generic System.map-3.13.0-39-generic
config-3.13.0-39-generic System.map-3.13.0-40-generic
config-3.13.0-40-generic System.map-3.13.0-43-generic
config-3.13.0-43-generic vmlinuz-3.13.0-32-generic
grub vmlinuz-3.13.0-36-generic
initrd.img-3.13.0-32-generic vmlinuz-3.13.0-37-generic
initrd.img-3.13.0-36-generic vmlinuz-3.13.0-39-generic
initrd.img-3.13.0-37-generic vmlinuz-3.13.0-40-generic
initrd.img-3.13.0-39-generic vmlinuz-3.13.0-43-generic
initrd.img-3.13.0-40-generic
我用了
kernelver=$(uname -r | sed -r 's/-[a-z]+//')
dpkg -l linux-{image,headers}-"[0-9]*" | awk '/ii/{print $2}' | grep -ve $kernelver
要得到
linux-headers-3.13.0-32
linux-headers-3.13.0-32-generic
linux-headers-3.13.0-36
linux-headers-3.13.0-36-generic
linux-headers-3.13.0-37
linux-headers-3.13.0-37-generic
linux-headers-3.13.0-39
linux-headers-3.13.0-39-generic
linux-headers-3.13.0-40
linux-headers-3.13.0-40-generic
linux-headers-3.13.0-44
linux-headers-3.13.0-44-generic
linux-headers-3.13.0-45
linux-headers-3.13.0-45-generic
linux-image-3.13.0-32-generic
linux-image-3.13.0-36-generic
linux-image-3.13.0-37-generic
linux-image-3.13.0-39-generic
linux-image-3.13.0-40-generic
然后选择要删除的第一张图像
$ sudo apt-get purge linux-image-3.13.0-32-generic
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these:
The following packages have unmet dependencies.
linux-image-extra-3.13.0-32-generic : Depends: linux-image-3.13.0-32-generic but it is not going to be installed
linux-image-extra-3.13.0-44-generic : Depends: linux-image-3.13.0-44-generic but it is not going to be installed
linux-image-extra-3.13.0-45-generic : Depends: linux-image-3.13.0-45-generic but it is not going to be installed
linux-image-generic : Depends: linux-image-3.13.0-45-generic but it is not going to be installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a solution).
最佳解决办法
在这种情况下，我会使用dpkg工具强制删除一些内核包。这不建议常用，有点危险，但在这种情况下，未满足的依赖可能会有所帮助。
首先找到引导系统的内核。当前加载的那个。打开终端(CTRL + ALT + T)并发出以下命令
uname -r
它会显示加载的内核，你不应该尝试删除这个。
然后发出命令
ls /boot
它将返回所有已安装的图像。选择一个或两个并尝试删除它们。尝试强制删除/清除它们。例如
sudo dpkg --force-all -P linux-image-3.13.0-32-generic
您可以对其他图像执行相同操作，以释放一些空间。
然后，您可以尝试安装缺少的包，或
sudo apt-get install -f
尝试解决依赖关系。
最后，发出“cleanup old kernels”命令
sudo apt-get purge $(dpkg -l linux-{image,headers}-"[0-9]*" | awk '/ii/{print $2}' | grep -ve "$(uname -r | sed -r 's/-[a-z]+//')")
上面的命令将删除除当前加载的内核之外的所有内核。
因为你有一个单独的/boot分区，请记住你需要跟踪它的空间并经常清理(频率取决于/boot的空间)
次佳解决办法
这对我在Ubuntu 16.04上有用。
sudo apt autoremove --purge
sudo apt autoremove
sudo apt-get -f install
sudo apt-get upgrade
第三种解决办法
列出所有内核：
dpkg --list 'linux-image*'
显示当前内核：
uname -r
列出所有内核除了当前的一个：
dpkg -l linux-{image,headers}-"[0-9]*" | awk '/^ii/{ print $2}' | grep -v -e `uname -r | cut -f1,2 -d"-"` | grep -e '[0-9]'
确保您当前的内核不在该列表中。
删除所有内核除了当前内核：
dpkg -l linux-{image,headers}-"[0-9]*" | awk '/^ii/{ print $2}' | grep -v -e `uname -r | cut -f1,2 -d"-"` | grep -e '[0-9]' | xargs sudo apt-get -y purge
清除其他东西：
sudo apt-get autoremove