问题描述
您可以轻松地将主文件夹备份到外部硬盘上
rsync -a --exclude=.cache --progress /home/$USER /media/linuxbackup/home/$USER
我排除了 .cache 文件夹，因为我认为当我必须从此备份中获取 re-install 时，我永远不会需要它。
\\n
I found this list of all folders that I could exclude in a normal backup here:
\\nWhat files and directories can be excluded from a backup of the home directory?\\n
我创建了这个答案的列表，其中包含以下形式的一些评论：
#These directories may be excluded:
.gvfs # contains mounted file systems?
.local/share/gvfs-metadata
.Private # contains the actual encrypted home directory
.dbus # session-specific
.cache
.Trash # do I need to say more?
.local/share/Trash
.cddb # cached info about audio CDs
.aptitude # cached packages lists
#Flash-specific:
.adobe # Cache for flash, maybe others?
.macromedia # except for Flash persistence, there is no reason to keep this
#Files:
.xsession-errors # contains errors from the current graphical session
.recently-used # recently used files
.recently-used.xbel
.thumbnails
如何将此列表添加到我的 rsync 命令中？
最佳思路
排除列表只能包含文件名、文件夹名和以 # 开头的行。不允许在文件夹名称后面添加注释。我创建了一个 Git 存储库，其中包含所有已知的多余文件和文件夹：
下载此 ignorelist 到 /var/tmp/ignorelist
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rubo77/rsync-homedir-excludes/master/rsync-homedir-excludes.txt -O /var/tmp/ignorelist
然后启动 rsync
rsync -aP --exclude-from=/var/tmp/ignorelist /home/$USER/ /media/$USER/linuxbackup/home/
注意：\n在忽略列表中，开头有一个带有文件夹的注释部分，这些文件夹可能也不值得备份。取消注释那些，你不需要。
次佳思路
来自 man rsync ：
--exclude-from=FILE read exclude patterns from FILE
This option is related to the --exclude option, but it specifies
a FILE that contains exclude patterns (one per line). Blank
lines in the file and lines starting with ’;’ or ’#’ are
ignored. If FILE is -, the list will be read from standard
input.