問題描述
我有一個第三方專有應用程序服務器守護程序，可以通過幾個命令行來啟動和停止它。我需要該守護程序在係統啟動時啟動，並在係統關閉時正確停止。我該如何正確實施？在/etc/init.d中複製一些腳本並進行相應修改是否足夠？
最佳答案
init.d是舊的，不讚成使用的啟動守護程序的係統； upstart已取代。 Upstart的優點是易於配置，並且可以對任務初始化進行適當的排序。
upstart的配置文件位於/etc /init中，如果您的守護程序沒有任何先決條件，則可以像tty1.conf一樣簡單：
# tty1 - getty
#
# This service maintains a getty on tty1 from the point the system is
# started until it is shut down again.
start on stopped rc RUNLEVEL=[2345]
stop on runlevel [!2345]
respawn
exec /sbin/getty -8 38400 tty1
在這種情況下，您可以複製該文件並修改其口味。最好在新貴網站和/etc /init中的其他條目中記錄更複雜的配置。
添加以回應評論
無論您使用upstart還是init.d，您仍然需要一些方法來確定Firebird何時正確初始化。不幸的是，Firebird本身似乎沒有驗證it is installed and running的好方法。因此，將程序啟動到/etc/rc.local的建議當然是最簡單的，並且至少在Ubuntu上-確保在啟動過程中盡可能晚地運行。
次佳答案
如果您不想遷移到UPSTART，但希望使用經典方法，則必須：
注意：我會將服務和程序以相同的名稱保存在不同的目錄中(但是您可以更改它，隻要它反映在服務文件中即可)。將”myscriptname”和”myprogramname”更改為真實名稱！
-
將將作為服務運行的程序保存在/usr /sbin
sudo cp myprogramname /usr/sbin/myscriptname中 -
創建一個基本的啟動腳本(使用/etc/init.d/skeleton作為參考)
-
將此腳本移動到/etc/init.d
sudo mv /etc/init.d/myscriptname -
授予此腳本可執行權限(我使用775，但可以將其設置得較低)
sudo chmod 755 /etc/init.d/myscriptname -
轉到/etc/init.d
cd /etc/init.d -
具有低啟動優先級的啟動列表中包含
sudo update-rc.d myscriptname defaults 97 03
重新啟動計算機，然後檢查服務是否已正確啟動
sudo ps -A --sort cmd
如果您的服務無法正常啟動，則應首先檢查它是否在手動調用時運行：
cd /etc/init.d
sudo service myscriptname start
在下麵，我提供了一個實際有效的示例服務文件。將其與框架服務進行比較，以了解您需要配置的內容。注意：這適用於Ubuntu 12.04 amazon cloud AWS EC2經典LAMP實現(也適用於Kubuntu 15.10)。
#! /bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:
# Required-Start: $remote_fs
# Required-Stop: $remote_fs
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: Sample_GT02 daemon startup script
# Description: Sample Server for GT02 class
### END INIT INFO
# Author: Tony Gil
#
# Do NOT "set -e"
# PATH should only include /usr/* if it runs after the mountnfs.sh script
PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin
DESC="Sample Daemon"
NAME=sampleserver_gt02
DAEMON=/usr/sbin/$NAME
PIDFILE=/var/run/$NAME.pid
SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME
CHUID=root
# Exit if the package is not installed
[ -x "$DAEMON" ] || exit 0
# Read configuration variable file if it is present
[ -r /etc/default/$NAME ] && . /etc/default/$NAME
# Load the VERBOSE setting and other rcS variables
. /lib/init/vars.sh
# Define LSB log_* functions.
# Depend on lsb-base (>= 3.0-6) to ensure that this file is present.
. /lib/lsb/init-functions
#
# Function that starts the daemon/service
#
do_start()
{
# Return
# 0 if daemon has been started
# 1 if daemon was already running
# 2 if daemon could not be started
start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --exec $DAEMON --test > /dev/null \
|| return 1
start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --chuid $CHUID --pidfile $PIDFILE --exec $DAEMON -- \
$DAEMON_ARGS \
|| return 2
}
#
# Function that stops the daemon/service
#
do_stop()
{
# Return
# 0 if daemon has been stopped
# 1 if daemon was already stopped
# 2 if daemon could not be stopped
# other if a failure occurred
start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --retry=TERM/30/KILL/5 --pidfile $PIDFILE --name $NAME
RETVAL="$?"
[ "$RETVAL" = 2 ] && return 2
# Wait for children to finish too if this is a daemon that forks
# and if the daemon is only ever run from this initscript.
# If the above conditions are not satisfied then add some other code
# that waits for the process to drop all resources that could be
# needed by services started subsequently. A last resort is to
# sleep for some time.
start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --oknodo --retry=0/30/KILL/5 --exec $DAEMON
[ "$?" = 2 ] && return 2
# Many daemons don't delete their pidfiles when they exit.
rm -f $PIDFILE
return "$RETVAL"
}
#
# Function that sends a SIGHUP to the daemon/service
#
do_reload() {
#
# If the daemon can reload its configuration without
# restarting (for example, when it is sent a SIGHUP),
# then implement that here.
#
start-stop-daemon --stop --signal 1 --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --name $NAME
return 0
}
case "$1" in
start)
[ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_daemon_msg "Starting $DESC" "$NAME"
do_start
case "$?" in
0|1) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 0 ;;
2) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 1 ;;
esac
;;
stop)
[ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_daemon_msg "Stopping $DESC" "$NAME"
do_stop
case "$?" in
0|1) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 0 ;;
2) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 1 ;;
esac
;;
#reload|force-reload)
#
# If do_reload() is not implemented then leave this commented out
# and leave 'force-reload' as an alias for 'restart'.
#
#log_daemon_msg "Reloading $DESC" "$NAME"
#do_reload
#log_end_msg $?
#;;
restart|force-reload)
#
# If the "reload" option is implemented then remove the
# 'force-reload' alias
#
log_daemon_msg "Restarting $DESC" "$NAME"
do_stop
case "$?" in
0|1)
do_start
case "$?" in
0) log_end_msg 0 ;;
1) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Old process is still running
*) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Failed to start
esac
;;
*)
# Failed to stop
log_end_msg 1
;;
esac
;;
*)
#echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload}" >&2
echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|restart|force-reload}" >&2
exit 3
;;
esac
:
第三種答案
複製/etc/init.d/skeleton並在適當的位置進行編輯以啟動/停止/重新啟動服務。它的評論很好，因此您應該能夠立即創建一個有效的init.d腳本。