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如何找到我的电脑有多少RAM?

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问题描述

我如何知道我的电脑有多少内存?我正在运行Ubuntu 13.04。

最佳解决方法

如果您点击齿轮图标(屏幕右上角),然后点击关于此计算机。 RAM是计算机名称下方的第二个条目。

Edit

如果您在终端中运行sudo lshw -class memory,则会为您提供所有可用内存的详细信息。

次佳解决方法

也很容易使用命令来检查RAM:

free -lm

使用top命令本身或:

top | grep -i mem

top类似,但稍高一点的是htop,但必须安装该软件包sudo apt-get install htop然后运行:

htop

将在终端输出内存缩放。

此外vmstat可以做到这一点:

vmstat -s -SM

第三种解决方法

一般来说

请记住 – 本文中的许多解决方案只会显示操作系统检测到的内存量(例如,没有PAE的32位只能看到4GB)

使用dmidecode检测内存插槽和状态

假设您具有sudo权限,则可以使用dmidecode命令来检测内存插槽的数量以及现在插入的内容。

用法示例:

sudo dmidecode

或者甚至更好,过滤只是为了 memory 相关的信息:

sudo dmidecode -t 17

输出在我的情况:

# dmidecode 3.0
Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs.
SMBIOS 2.7 present.

Handle 0x002F, DMI type 17, 34 bytes
Memory Device
    Array Handle: 0x002D
    Error Information Handle: Not Provided
    Total Width: 64 bits
    Data Width: 64 bits
    Size: 4096 MB
    Form Factor: DIMM
    Set: None
    Locator: ChannelA_Dimm1
    Bank Locator: ChannelA
    Type: DDR3
    Type Detail: Synchronous
    Speed: 1333 MHz
    Manufacturer: A-DATA                     
    Serial Number: 0000762C             
    Asset Tag: ChannelA_Dimm1_AssetTag
    Part Number: DDR3 1600G            
    Rank: 2
    Configured Clock Speed: 1333 MHz

Handle 0x0031, DMI type 17, 34 bytes
Memory Device
    Array Handle: 0x002D
    Error Information Handle: Not Provided
    Total Width: 72 bits
    Data Width: 64 bits
    Size: No Module Installed
    Form Factor: DIMM
    Set: None
    Locator: ChannelA_Dimm2
    Bank Locator: ChannelA
    Type: Unknown
    Type Detail: Synchronous
    Speed: Unknown
    Manufacturer: ChannelA_Dimm2_Manufacturer
    Serial Number: ChannelA_Dimm2_SerNum
    Asset Tag: ChannelA_Dimm2_AssetTag
    Part Number: ChannelA_Dimm2_PartNum
    Rank: Unknown
    Configured Clock Speed: Unknown

Handle 0x0033, DMI type 17, 34 bytes
Memory Device
    Array Handle: 0x002D
    Error Information Handle: Not Provided
    Total Width: 64 bits
    Data Width: 64 bits
    Size: 4096 MB
    Form Factor: DIMM
    Set: None
    Locator: ChannelB_Dimm1
    Bank Locator: ChannelB
    Type: DDR3
    Type Detail: Synchronous
    Speed: 1333 MHz
    Manufacturer: A-DATA                     
    Serial Number: 000028C3             
    Asset Tag: ChannelB_Dimm1_AssetTag
    Part Number: DDR3 1600G            
    Rank: 2
    Configured Clock Speed: 1333 MHz

Handle 0x0035, DMI type 17, 34 bytes
Memory Device
    Array Handle: 0x002D
    Error Information Handle: Not Provided
    Total Width: 72 bits
    Data Width: 64 bits
    Size: No Module Installed
    Form Factor: DIMM
    Set: None
    Locator: ChannelB_Dimm2
    Bank Locator: ChannelB
    Type: Unknown
    Type Detail: Synchronous
    Speed: Unknown
    Manufacturer: ChannelB_Dimm2_Manufacturer
    Serial Number: ChannelB_Dimm2_SerNum
    Asset Tag: ChannelB_Dimm2_AssetTag
    Part Number: ChannelB_Dimm2_PartNum
    Rank: Unknown
    Configured Clock Speed: Unknown

Handle 0x0037, DMI type 17, 34 bytes
Memory Device
    Array Handle: 0x002D
    Error Information Handle: Not Provided
    Total Width: 64 bits
    Data Width: 64 bits
    Size: 4096 MB
    Form Factor: DIMM
    Set: None
    Locator: ChannelC_Dimm1
    Bank Locator: ChannelC
    Type: DDR3
    Type Detail: Synchronous
    Speed: 1333 MHz
    Manufacturer: A-DATA                     
    Serial Number: 000028E7             
    Asset Tag: ChannelC_Dimm1_AssetTag
    Part Number: DDR3 1600G            
    Rank: 2
    Configured Clock Speed: 1333 MHz

Handle 0x0039, DMI type 17, 34 bytes
Memory Device
    Array Handle: 0x002D
    Error Information Handle: Not Provided
    Total Width: 72 bits
    Data Width: 64 bits
    Size: No Module Installed
    Form Factor: DIMM
    Set: None
    Locator: ChannelC_Dimm2
    Bank Locator: ChannelC
    Type: Unknown
    Type Detail: Synchronous
    Speed: Unknown
    Manufacturer: ChannelC_Dimm2_Manufacturer
    Serial Number: ChannelC_Dimm2_SerNum
    Asset Tag: ChannelC_Dimm2_AssetTag
    Part Number: ChannelC_Dimm2_PartNum
    Rank: Unknown
    Configured Clock Speed: Unknown

Handle 0x003B, DMI type 17, 34 bytes
Memory Device
    Array Handle: 0x002D
    Error Information Handle: Not Provided
    Total Width: 64 bits
    Data Width: 64 bits
    Size: 4096 MB
    Form Factor: DIMM
    Set: None
    Locator: ChannelD_Dimm1
    Bank Locator: ChannelD
    Type: DDR3
    Type Detail: Synchronous
    Speed: 1333 MHz
    Manufacturer: A-DATA                     
    Serial Number: 000028F0             
    Asset Tag: ChannelD_Dimm1_AssetTag
    Part Number: DDR3 1600G            
    Rank: 2
    Configured Clock Speed: 1333 MHz

Handle 0x003D, DMI type 17, 34 bytes
Memory Device
    Array Handle: 0x002D
    Error Information Handle: Not Provided
    Total Width: 72 bits
    Data Width: 64 bits
    Size: No Module Installed
    Form Factor: DIMM
    Set: None
    Locator: ChannelD_Dimm2
    Bank Locator: ChannelD
    Type: Unknown
    Type Detail: Synchronous
    Speed: Unknown
    Manufacturer: ChannelD_Dimm2_Manufacturer
    Serial Number: ChannelD_Dimm2_SerNum
    Asset Tag: ChannelD_Dimm2_AssetTag
    Part Number: ChannelD_Dimm2_PartNum
    Rank: Unknown
    Configured Clock Speed: Unknown

Invalid entry length (16). Fixed up to 11.

输出告诉你8个插槽,每个插槽使用4个,每个插槽有4GB内存。

使用lshw检测内存

假设您具有sudo权限,则可以使用lshw命令来检测内存插槽的数量以及现在插入的内容。

用法示例:

lshw 

或者只是为了获得内存相关的信息:

lshw -class memory

输出在我的情况:

*-firmware              
       description: BIOS
       vendor: American Megatrends Inc.
       physical id: 0
       version: 3203
       date: 11/26/2012
       size: 64KiB
       capacity: 8128KiB
       capabilities: pci apm upgrade shadowing cdboot bootselect socketedrom edd int13floppy1200 int13floppy720 int13floppy2880 int5printscreen int9keyboard int14serial int17printer acpi usb biosbootspecification uefi
  *-cache:0
       description: L1 cache
       physical id: 5
       slot: L1-Cache
       size: 32KiB
       capacity: 32KiB
       capabilities: internal write-back unified
       configuration: level=1
  *-cache:1
       description: L2 cache
       physical id: 6
       slot: L2-Cache
       size: 256KiB
       capacity: 256KiB
       capabilities: internal varies unified
       configuration: level=2
  *-cache:2
       description: L3 cache
       physical id: 7
       slot: L3-Cache
       size: 10MiB
       capacity: 10MiB
       capabilities: internal varies unified
       configuration: level=3
  *-memory
       description: System Memory
       physical id: 2d
       slot: System board or motherboard
       size: 16GiB
     *-bank:0
          description: DIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1333 MHz (0,8 ns)
          product: DDR3 1600G
          vendor: A-DATA
          physical id: 0
          serial: 0000762C
          slot: ChannelA_Dimm1
          size: 4GiB
          width: 64 bits
          clock: 1333MHz (0.8ns)
     *-bank:1
          description: DIMM Synchronous [empty]
          product: ChannelA_Dimm2_PartNum
          vendor: ChannelA_Dimm2_Manufacturer
          physical id: 1
          serial: ChannelA_Dimm2_SerNum
          slot: ChannelA_Dimm2
          width: 64 bits
     *-bank:2
          description: DIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1333 MHz (0,8 ns)
          product: DDR3 1600G
          vendor: A-DATA
          physical id: 2
          serial: 000028C3
          slot: ChannelB_Dimm1
          size: 4GiB
          width: 64 bits
          clock: 1333MHz (0.8ns)
     *-bank:3
          description: DIMM Synchronous [empty]
          product: ChannelB_Dimm2_PartNum
          vendor: ChannelB_Dimm2_Manufacturer
          physical id: 3
          serial: ChannelB_Dimm2_SerNum
          slot: ChannelB_Dimm2
          width: 64 bits
     *-bank:4
          description: DIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1333 MHz (0,8 ns)
          product: DDR3 1600G
          vendor: A-DATA
          physical id: 4
          serial: 000028E7
          slot: ChannelC_Dimm1
          size: 4GiB
          width: 64 bits
          clock: 1333MHz (0.8ns)
     *-bank:5
          description: DIMM Synchronous [empty]
          product: ChannelC_Dimm2_PartNum
          vendor: ChannelC_Dimm2_Manufacturer
          physical id: 5
          serial: ChannelC_Dimm2_SerNum
          slot: ChannelC_Dimm2
          width: 64 bits
     *-bank:6
          description: DIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1333 MHz (0,8 ns)
          product: DDR3 1600G
          vendor: A-DATA
          physical id: 6
          serial: 000028F0
          slot: ChannelD_Dimm1
          size: 4GiB
          width: 64 bits
          clock: 1333MHz (0.8ns)
     *-bank:7
          description: DIMM Synchronous [empty]
          product: ChannelD_Dimm2_PartNum
          vendor: ChannelD_Dimm2_Manufacturer
          physical id: 7
          serial: ChannelD_Dimm2_SerNum
          slot: ChannelD_Dimm2
          width: 64 bits

使用免费显示内存信息

您可以使用free命令获取有关内存的信息。

用法示例:

free

输出:

              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:       16374920     4653296      155360     9349708    11566264     1953928
Swap:      16715772     4060816    12654956

添加-h参数以获得更人性化的输出

              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:            15G        4,4G        249M        8,9G         11G        1,9G
Swap:           15G        3,9G         12G

如果您想监视内存使用情况,请考虑将watchfree组合如下

watch free

这将输出上面看到的正常free输出,但是全部更新2秒(使用watch)

使用/proc /meminfo显示内存信息

您也可以使用/proc/meminfo获取一些内存信息。

例:

cat /proc/meminfo

输出:

MemTotal:       16374920 kB
MemFree:          211408 kB
MemAvailable:    2036568 kB
Buffers:           34856 kB
Cached:         11248956 kB
SwapCached:         1572 kB
Active:          5451788 kB
Inactive:       10119984 kB
Active(anon):    4508180 kB
Inactive(anon):  9133120 kB
Active(file):     943608 kB
Inactive(file):   986864 kB
Unevictable:       13444 kB
Mlocked:           13444 kB
SwapTotal:      16715772 kB
SwapFree:       12654936 kB
Dirty:              1016 kB
Writeback:             0 kB
AnonPages:       4300076 kB
Mapped:          5466584 kB
Shmem:           9349796 kB
Slab:             309332 kB
SReclaimable:     230976 kB
SUnreclaim:        78356 kB
KernelStack:       17216 kB
PageTables:        77140 kB
NFS_Unstable:          0 kB
Bounce:                0 kB
WritebackTmp:          0 kB
CommitLimit:    24903232 kB
Committed_AS:   28709200 kB
VmallocTotal:   34359738367 kB
VmallocUsed:           0 kB
VmallocChunk:          0 kB
HardwareCorrupted:     0 kB
AnonHugePages:   1863680 kB
CmaTotal:              0 kB
CmaFree:               0 kB
HugePages_Total:       0
HugePages_Free:        0
HugePages_Rsvd:        0
HugePages_Surp:        0
Hugepagesize:       2048 kB
DirectMap4k:      737312 kB
DirectMap2M:    14934016 kB
DirectMap1G:     1048576 kB

正如@Serg指出的那样,您应该使用awk将输出缩小到最基本的

例:

awk '/MemTotal/ || /SwapTotal/' /proc/meminfo    

输出:

MemTotal:       16374920 kB
SwapTotal:      16715772 kB

使用vmstat显示内存信息

您也可以使用vmstat命令。

例:

vmstat

输出:

procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ------cpu-----
 r  b   swpd   free   buff  cache   si   so    bi    bo   in   cs us sy id wa st
 3  0 4060888 238300  35576 11506488    0    2   120    55   17    4 18  6 74  2  0

它可以显示更多的可读性,如下所示:

vmstat -s -SM

输出:

        15991 M total memory
         4467 M used memory
         5322 M active memory
         9837 M inactive memory
          253 M free memory
           34 M buffer memory
        11235 M swap cache
        16323 M total swap
         3965 M used swap
        12358 M free swap
     17691507 non-nice user cpu ticks
     21078371 nice user cpu ticks
     13384959 system cpu ticks
    161496078 idle cpu ticks
      4951342 IO-wait cpu ticks
            0 IRQ cpu ticks
        40582 softirq cpu ticks
            0 stolen cpu ticks
    263184336 pages paged in
    119297582 pages paged out
         1824 pages swapped in
      1018199 pages swapped out
   1111772384 interrupts
   2371898713 CPU context switches
   1473060064 boot time
      1983609 forks

监视RAM使用情况

有几个工具可以帮助监视内存/内存的使用情况。我会在这里命名一些

tophtop都是不断更新当前内存使用情况的工具。

13.04,ram,ubuntu

使用smem

smem报告用法与共享内存分成几部分。

示例(排序):

smem -r

输出:

 7948 USERNAME   /usr/lib/firefox/firefox           0   975580   997022  1027100 
23748 USERNAME   /usr/bin/perl /usr/bin/shut        0   456392   459957   472116 
16341 USERNAME   /opt/google/chrome/chrome -        0   401220   405063   419520 
22977 USERNAME   /home/fpoeck/.dropbox-dist/        0   240332   240487   245712 
23751 USERNAME   /usr/bin/python /usr/share/        0   204524   205538   214656 
32449 USERNAME   /usr/lib/thunderbird/thunde        0   191124   191657   200892 
13531 USERNAME   /opt/atom/atom --type=rende        0   124740   131853   144340

第四种方法

检查的好方法是引用/proc/meminfo文件。大多数工具,如免费,顶级,htop都使用该文件。

有很多行显示不同的统计信息,但使用AWK,我们可以筛选出总数。 MemTotal行会显示RAM。作为奖励,我也包括了整个Swap。

$ awk '/MemTotal/ || /SwapTotal/' /proc/meminfo                                
MemTotal:        1789444 kB
SwapTotal:        524284 k

第五种方法

  1. 打开系统设置。

  2. 点击面板底部的详细信息。

  3. 你会看到你的电脑的细节(如RAM)。

参考资料

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