问题描述
Duplicity在高效备份方面做得非常出色，但我还是希望尽量减少back-upped文件的数量。
主目录中可以排除哪些文件或目录？请明确说明这些，允许使用通配符，路径是相对于主目录的。
最佳解决思路
如果丢失，大多数这些文件和目录都会重新创建。它们主要用于降低应用程序的启动时间(Firefox扩展缓存)，指示锁(.gksu.lock)或包含session-specific信息(例如dbus会话的ID)。最近的文档经常更改，通常不太适合备份。
可以排除这些目录：
.gvfs # contains mounted file systems?
.local/share/gvfs-metadata
.Private # contains the actual encrypted home directory
.dbus # session-specific
.cache
.Trash # do I need to say more?
.local/share/Trash
.cddb # cached info about audio CDs
.aptitude # cached packages lists
Flash-specific：
.adobe # Cache for flash, maybe others?
.macromedia # except for Flash persistence, there is no reason to keep this
文件：
.xsession-errors # contains errors from the current graphical session
.recently-used # recently used files
.recently-used.xbel
.thumbnails
.Xauthority # session-specific
.ICEauthority
.gksu.lock
.pulse # directory
.pulse-cookie
.esd_auth
KDE具体：
.kde/share/apps/RecentDocuments # Recent documents on KDE
.kde/share/apps/klipper # Contains a history of the Klipper clipboard (KDE)
.kde/share/apps/okular/docdata # you will loose saved scrolling positions of PDFs
.kde/share/apps/gwenview/recentfolders
.kde/share/apps/kmess/displaypics # cached other users' profile pics
.kde/share/apps/kmess/customemoticons # cached emoticons of others
Firefox-specific(另见Profile folder)：
.mozilla/firefox/*/Cache
.mozilla/firefox/*/minidumps # in case Fx crashes dumps will be stored in this
.mozilla/firefox/*/.parentlock # session-specific
.mozilla/firefox/*/urlclassifier3.sqlite # phishing database, recreated
.mozilla/firefox/*/blocklist.xml # blacklisted extensions
.mozilla/firefox/*/extensions.sqlite # extension database, recreated on startup
.mozilla/firefox/*/extensions.sqlite-journal
.mozilla/firefox/*/extensions.rdf
.mozilla/firefox/*/extensions.ini
.mozilla/firefox/*/extensions.cache
.mozilla/firefox/*/XUL.mfasl # cached UI data, recreated
.mozilla/firefox/*/XPC.mfasl
.mozilla/firefox/*/xpti.dat
.mozilla/firefox/*/compreg.dat
Opera-specific(Superuser.com上的相关问题：Is documentation available on files and directories in the Opera profile folder?)：
.opera/temporary_downloads
.opera/cache
.opera/thumbnails
.opera/opcache
.opera/icons
.opera/application_cache
.opera/widgets/*/cache
.opera/lock
.komodoedit/*/codeintel/db
.komodoedit/*/host-*/*/codeintel
.komodoedit/*/XRE/Cache
.komodoedit/*/XRE/.activatestate/komodo edit/Crash Reports
.komodoedit/*/XRE/.activatestate/komodo edit/*/Cache
.komodoedit/*/XRE/.activatestate/komodo edit/*/minidump
.komodoedit/*/XRE/.parentlock
.komodoedit/*/XRE/extensions.rdf
.komodoedit/*/XRE/extensions.ini
.komodoedit/*/XRE/extensions.cache
.komodoedit/*/XRE/XPC.mfasl
.komodoedit/*/XRE/XUL.mfasl
.komodoedit/*/XRE/xpti.dat
.komodoedit/*/XRE/pluginreg.dat
.komodoedit/*/XRE/compreg.dat
.komodoedit/*/XRE/*.sqlite-journal
.komodoedit/*/pystdout.log
.komodoedit/*/pystderr.log
.komodoedit/*/history.sqlite.bak
.komodoedit/*/running.lock
.komodoedit/*/mutex.lock
.komodoedit/*/*.xmlc
.komodoedit/*/startup-env.tmp
.komoeoedit/*/commandments.fifo
.komoeoedit/*/history.sqlite
GnuPG的：
.gnupg/rnd
.gnupg/random_seed
.gnupg/.#*
.gnupg/*.lock
.gnupg/gpg-agent-info-*
谷歌浏览器：
.config/google-chrome/Default/Local Storage
.config/google-chrome/Default/Session Storage
.config/google-chrome/Default/Application Cache
.config/google-chrome/Default/History Index *
其他应用：
.pulse/icons # Pidgin
.java/deployment/cache # Cached applets
.icedteaplugin
.icedtea
.gnome2/epiphany/favicon_cache
.dropbox # to avoid problems, let Dropbox re-create these
.dropbox-dist
次佳解决思路
好问题。我喜欢这些 – 我们可以收集社区输入/列表和樱桃选择相关的东西。这是我的.exclude文件。我将此文件作为多个脚本中的--exclude-file=参数提供给rsync(您也可以使用双重性)。请注意，问题意味着“您想要/需要保存什么”。例如，我备份了我的完整.mozilla DIR，因为它包含多个配置文件和调整，并且更容易将其作为一个整体转储回磁盘。我的配置也暗示：我做了很多“从头开始安装”进行测试。所以我有一个基于known-good-clean的安装的clonezilla映像，并且我在磁盘上添加了存储在USB上的个人(/home)数据;有时是选择性的，有时是整体的。
# Filename: admin/dotfiles/exclude
# Create Date: 20110307-23:36HRS
# ln -s admin/dotfiles/exclude ~/.exclude
.cache
.adobe
.aptitude
.compiz # no settings here; processes
.dbus
.dropbox # don't try to restore and reinitialize either of
.dropbox-dist # these DIRs; very messy results can happen
.elegant-gnome-backup
.fontconfig
.gnome2_private # MT; at least on my system
.pulse*
.gconfd
.gvfs
.macromedia
.local/share/Trash/
.thumbnails
Downloads/
Dropbox/ # recreated on re-initialization
Public/
Music/
Templates/ # stored on U1
Ubuntu One/ # recreated on re-initialization
wdir/iso/
wdir/backups/
第三种解决思路
我在https://github.com/rubo77/rsync-homedir-excludes创建了一个忽略列表
您可以将它与Duplicity或rsync一起使用，如：
rsync -aP --exclude-from=rsync-homedir-excludes.txt /home/$USER/ /media/$USER/linuxbackup/home/$USER/
这是正式更新的，目前我们有这个：
################################################
# These directories may definitely be excluded #
################################################
# Contains mounted file systems:
.gvfs
.local/share/gvfs-metadata
# contains the actual encrypted home directory
/.Private
# Session-specific:
/.dbus
/.cache
/.Trash
.Trash-1*
.local/share/Trash
/Trash
# Cached info about audio CDs:
.cddb
# Cached packages lists:
.aptitude
# Node Package Manager cache
.npm
#Flash-specific:
# Cache for flash, maybe others?
.adobe
# except for Flash persistence, there is no reason to keep this
.macromedia
#Files:
# Contains errors from the current graphical session
.xsession-errors
.wayland-errors
# Recently used files
.local/share/RecentDocuments
.recently-used
.recently-used.xbel
.thumbnails
.thumb
Thumbs.db
.DS_Store
.localised
.bash_history
.CFUserTextEncoding
# Common Unix Printing System
/.cups
# run-time configuration information for Subversion
/.subversion
# Python virtual environments
/.virtualenvs
# Session-specific
.Xauthority
.ICEauthority
.gksu.lock
.pulse
.pulse-cookie
.esd_auth
#KDE specific:
# Recent documents on KDE
.kde/share/apps/RecentDocuments
.kde4/share/apps/RecentDocuments
# Contains a history of the Klipper clipboard (KDE)
.kde/share/apps/klipper
.kde4/share/apps/klipper
# You will loose saved scrolling positions of PDFs
.kde/share/apps/okular/docdata
.kde/share/apps/gwenview/recentfolders
.kde4/share/apps/okular/docdata
.kde4/share/apps/gwenview/recentfolders
# Cached other users' profile pics
.kde/share/apps/kmess/displaypics
.kde4/share/apps/kmess/displaypics
# Cached emoticons of others
.kde/share/apps/kmess/customemoticons
.kde4/share/apps/kmess/customemoticons
#Firefox-specific (see also Profile folder):
.mozilla/firefox/*/Cache
# in case Fx crashes dumps will be stored in this
.mozilla/firefox/*/minidumps
# session-specific
.mozilla/firefox/*/.parentlock
# phishing database, recreated
.mozilla/firefox/*/urlclassifier3.sqlite
# blacklisted extensions
.mozilla/firefox/*/blocklist.xml
# extension database, recreated on startup
.mozilla/firefox/*/extensions.sqlite
.mozilla/firefox/*/extensions.sqlite-journal
.mozilla/firefox/*/extensions.rdf
.mozilla/firefox/*/extensions.ini
.mozilla/firefox/*/extensions.cache
# cached UI data, recreated
.mozilla/firefox/*/XUL.mfasl
.mozilla/firefox/*/XPC.mfasl
.mozilla/firefox/*/xpti.dat
.mozilla/firefox/*/compreg.dat
# cached plugin data, recreated
.mozilla/firefox/*/pluginreg.dat
#SeaMonkey-specific (see also Profile folder):
.mozilla/seamonkey/*/Cache
# in case Fx crashes dumps will be stored in this
.mozilla/seamonkey/*/minidumps
# session-specific
.mozilla/seamonkey/*/.parentlock
# blacklisted extensions
.mozilla/seamonkey/*/blocklist.xml
# extension database, recreated on startup
.mozilla/seamonkey/*/extensions.sqlite
.mozilla/seamonkey/*/extensions.rdf
.mozilla/seamonkey/*/extensions.ini
# cached UI data, recreated
.mozilla/seamonkey/*/xpti.dat
.mozilla/seamonkey/*/compreg.dat
# cached plugin data, recreated
.mozilla/seamonkey/*/pluginreg.dat
# Thunderbird Cache in your profile folder
.thunderbird/*/Cache
#Opera-specific (related question on Superuser.com: Is documentation available on files and directories in the Opera profile folder?):
.opera/temporary_downloads
.opera/cache
.opera/thumbnails
.opera/opcache
.opera/icons
.opera/application_cache
.opera/widgets/*/cache
.opera/lock
# Keychain dir (manage SSH and GPG keys, front-end to ssh-agent and ssh-add)
/.keychain
#Komodo Edit:
.komodoedit/*/codeintel/db
.komodoedit/*/host-*/*/codeintel
.komodoedit/*/XRE/Cache
.komodoedit/*/XRE/.activatestate/komodo edit/Crash Reports
.komodoedit/*/XRE/.activatestate/komodo edit/*/Cache
.komodoedit/*/XRE/.activatestate/komodo edit/*/minidump
.komodoedit/*/XRE/.parentlock
.komodoedit/*/XRE/extensions.rdf
.komodoedit/*/XRE/extensions.ini
.komodoedit/*/XRE/extensions.cache
.komodoedit/*/XRE/XPC.mfasl
.komodoedit/*/XRE/XUL.mfasl
.komodoedit/*/XRE/xpti.dat
.komodoedit/*/XRE/pluginreg.dat
.komodoedit/*/XRE/compreg.dat
.komodoedit/*/XRE/*.sqlite-journal
.komodoedit/*/pystdout.log
.komodoedit/*/pystderr.log
.komodoedit/*/history.sqlite.bak
.komodoedit/*/running.lock
.komodoedit/*/mutex.lock
.komodoedit/*/*.xmlc
.komodoedit/*/startup-env.tmp
.komoeoedit/*/commandments.fifo
.komoeoedit/*/history.sqlite
#GnuPG:
.gnupg/rnd
.gnupg/random_seed
.gnupg/.#*
.gnupg/*.lock
.gnupg/gpg-agent-info-*
#Google Chrome:
.config/google-chrome/Default/Local Storage
.config/google-chrome/Default/Session Storage
.config/google-chrome/Default/Application Cache
.config/google-chrome/Default/History Index *
#Chromium:
.config/chromium/Default/Local Storage
.config/chromium/Default/Session Storage
.config/chromium/Default/Application Cache
.config/chromium/Default/History Index *
#Local repositories (added by errantlinguist on 2015-04-13):
.gradle/caches
/.m2/repository
#indexer
.local/share/baloo
.local/share/zeitgeist
.local/share/akonadi
#Other apps:
# Pidgin
.pulse/icons
# Cached applets
.guayadeque/cache.db
.java/deployment/cache
.icedteaplugin
.icedtea
.gnome2/epiphany/favicon_cache
# other temporary files
nohup.out
###############################################
# directories, probably not worth a backup #
# (uncomment the files you don't need) #
###############################################
#.android
#.AndroidStudio*/
#Android/Sdk
#.gradle
#.gvm
#.grails/
#.grails_history
#.kde/share/apps/nepomuk
#.local/share/notbit
#.local/libvirt
#.vagrant
#.vagrant.d
#.wine
#.twister
#/twister
#Applications/eclipse*
#/Downloads
#*Popcorntime*
#/Scribus
#/VirtualBox*
#
## Add Game Folders here:
#
#/games
#.local/share/Steam
#.steam
#Steam
#.minecraft
#.PlayOnLinux